Oedipus Complex in Hamlet

Oedipus Complex in Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet’s personality can be explained by the Oedipus Complex. Throughout the play there are many times where he proves that he has Oedipus Complex. Oedipus Complex was not around at the time that that Hamlet was written. It just shows that Shakespeare saw the same personality complex’ as Freud. Freud first named the Oedipus Complex Theory in his book , An Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899. Freud states â€Å"The child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes. Freud explains that it is normal to have sexual desires for the parent of the opposite sex. These are normal in children and usually dissipate after the age of five. When these sexual desires do not go away and they continue into adulthood this is when someone would be considered to have an Oedipus Complex. When there is a sexual desire for the mother, as Hamlet did, a rivalry is formed between the fat her and the son. Hamlet’s father is in a form of a ghost, that only he can communicate with. He was murdered while Hamlet was away at school. When he returns he finds his mother, Gertrude, remarried to his father’s brother Claudius.This infuriates Hamlet, and brings out his repressed Oedipus Complex. This drives Hamlet crazy. He is consumed and outraged by this incestuous marriage. Now I use the word incestuous because in those days it was considered incest to marry your husband’s brother. What needs to be explained is exactly what Hamlet it is upset over. It is to be assumed that he is outraged because Claudius has replaced his own father’s place next to his mother. This is not the case. Hamlet is upset because Claudius has taken his place next to his mother. Hamlet’s deepest wish is to be king and his mother, Gertrude, queen.Thus proving the Oedipus Complex theory further. Children will have feeling of hate toward the parent of the same sex this theory states. Hamlet has many hateful tendencies towards both of his fathers, Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, and Claudius. We know from reading the play that Hamlet’s father was not affectionate or spend any quality time with him. He spent a lot of time at war. Although he had anger towards him, he could never show it. He repressed it. For Claudius on the other hand, Hamlet’s feelings of hatred are expressed much more openly. Hamlet internally fights with his feelings towards Claudius.His father has come to him as a ghost, telling him that Claudius is responsible for his murder. Hamlet must avenge his father, but struggles to do so. Subconsciously, Hamlet identifies with Claudius. Hamlet envies Claudius for killing his father and taking his position next to Gertrude. This is everything Hamlet has subconsciously wanted to do. So in essence he cannot kill Claudius because, in part, he would be killing himself. Hamlet is consumed with thoughts of his mother having sexual relations with Claudius. A very significant part of the play is Act III Scene IV.This is where Hamlet and his mother meet in her closet. The closet is very meaningful because this signifies hiding. The bedroom is significant because this is where private situations occur. Maybe Shakespeare played out this important scene in the bedroom to show the sexual feelings Hamlet has for his mother. In this scene Hamlet confronts his mother about her relationship with Claudius. He does not come off as a son asking concerning questions towards his mother. He acts jealous while he asks her how she can stand to be touched by him. These are not normally son to mother questions.He is explicit in what he says and concentrates of her sexual acts between her and Claudius. You could explain it more as an obsession. At the end of this scene it is obvious that Hamlet is jealous of the attention Gertrude is giving Claudius. Hamlet, as a child, would have found pleasure in these feelings towards his moth er, but now it is a feeling of disgust. This further proves the Oedipus Complex Theory. Hamlet is so consumed with his mother’s relationship with Claudius. He in turns shows similar feelings towards Ophelia. He toys with her emotions as he feels Gertrude toys with his.Throughout the play Hamlet is struggling with his repressed feelings towards his mother, his hatred for his fathers, and avenging his father. The same reason he could never act out on his hatred for his father is the same reason he must avenge him. It is his moral code. He struggles with avenging his father though because he is so focused on the incestuous relationship between his mother and Claudius. He can’t truly avenge his father until Gertrude dies. At that time the Oedipus Complex is released and he is able to carry out his duties and kill Claudius.

World War 1 and Peace Plan

———————– President Woodrow Wilson had a plan for peace in the war known as the Fourteen Points. It was also called â€Å"Peace Without Victory. † The plan meant to prevent international problems from causing another war. To promote his plan for peace, Wilson visited Paris, London, Milan, and Rome in Europe. However, the Allies were against Wilson’s Fourteen Points. The Allies wanted to punish Germany for the war. One idea of Wilson’s peace plan was an end to secret treaties. One issue that caused World War I that was addressed in that idea was entangling alliances between the countries.Another idea was a limit on weapons. The issue that lead to World War I that was addressed in that idea was militarism. The most important of Wilson’s Fourteen Points was a League Of Nations, to protect the independence of all countries. The issue that caused World War I that was addressed in that was also the entanglin g alliances. The final treaty that was agreed on was the Treaty Of Versailles. Germany thought they were getting Wilson’s peace plan but instead, they got this. The Treaty of Versailles consisted of many ways of punishing Germany.The war guilt clause was a part of the treaty. The war guilt clause stated that Germany had to accept the blame of causing the war. Another part noted that Germany had to give up it’s colonies. It also consisted of the fact that Germany had to pay all war costs. This means they had to pay their war cost, as well as the Allies‘ war costs, which was over $200 billion. The Allies also wanted to disarm Germany. This meant that they wanted to cut off Germany’s army and navy, so they wouldn’t be able to fight another war for a long time. Did the Treaty of Versailles lead to World War II?The Treaty of Versailles was the way of the Allies to punish Germany. To surrender, Germany accepted Wilson’s Fourteen Points but Germany didn’t get anything close to a peace plan. The treaty resulted in bitterness, betrayal, and hatred between Germany and the Allies. Italy was also not happy with the treaty because they did not get the territory they were promised for helping the Allies. Therefore, the Treaty of Versailles did â€Å"plant the seeds† of World War II because Germany and Italy wanted revenge. Priyanka Dongare Social Studies Mr. Ranalli 2 April 9, 2010World War I was one of the bloodiest wars fought in history. The two sides were the Allies and the Central Powers. The Allied countries were Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and Italy. The Central Powers were Austria Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. There were many reasons the war started, such as militarism, entangling alliances between countries, imperialism, and nationalism. Militarism was the policy of building up a strong army and navy to prepare for war. Alliances were agreements between nations in which they pro mised to support one another in case of attack.Imperialism was the policy of powerful countries seeking to control weaker countries. Nationalism was extreme feelings of pride in one’s country. At the beginning of the war, the United States was a neutral country. However, the neutrality of the United States was tested and it entered the war. The entry of the United States into World War 1 marked the turning point of the war and changed the outcome. However the postwar goals of the Allies may have lead to the outbreak of World War II. For most of World War I, the United States was a neutral country. One reason for neutrality was President Washington.Washington warned to stay out of European affairs and entangling alliances. Another reason for the United States to stay neutral was the Atlantic Ocean, which acted as a natural barrier between the United States and Europe. The neutrality of the United States was soon tested. One reason why the United States entered World War I was Germany’s strategy during the war. Germany used submarines called u-boats and sunk any ship without warning near the Allies’ countries, which was the war zone. Therefore, Germany cut off supplies to Allies, while the United States was supplying the Allies.Germany also sank the Lusitania, which was a British passenger ship, in which 128 Americans died. The Zimmermann Telegram also enraged many Americans. The Zimmermann telegram was sent by Germany’s foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German minister in Mexico. The secret note urged Mexico to attack the United States if the United States declared war on Germany. In return, Germany would help Mexico win back it’s lost territories from the United States, such as Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. Therefore, the U. S. entered the war on the side of the Allies.

Essay on Complete Summary Of The Tempest - 2294 Words

Act 1 Scene 1 On a ship heading back from his daughters wedding, the king of Naples and his men are swept up in a huge storm. The crew does everything they can, but the ship crashes on an apparently deserted island. Act 1 Scene 2 Stranded on the same deserted island for twelve years, the former duke of Milan tries to explain the situation to his daughter, Miranda. He tells her the story of his brother and the king, who arranged for he and Miranda to be lost at sea, so his brother can have his title. He explains also that he conjured up the storm by magic and ensured that no one was harmed. Prospero then charms Miranda and to sleep, and summons his spirit servant, Ariel, to hear about the results of the storm. Prospero awakens Miranda and†¦show more content†¦She tells him to stop working and to rest. He refuses because he is in love with her, and wants to do the work for her sake. She is also in love with him, and after some conversation they both admit their feelings. They clasp hands and agree to get married. Prospero is watching them and is pleased that his plan for them to fall in love is working how he wanted it. Act 3 Scene 2 Caliban insults Trinculo and they quarrel. Stephano tries to smooth things over but Ariel interferes. As they converse, Ariel, imitating Trinculo’s voice, insults Caliban. Stephano comes to his new servant’s defense and Caliban convinces him to kill Prospero. He tells the drunk of Miranda, and promises the girl to him if he kills her father. Stephano is excited by the idea, and the three set off towards Prospero’s residence. Ariel, hearing their plan, leads them astray, and then leaves to warn Prospero of their plan. Act 3 Scene 3 The royal entourage wanders around the forest in search of Ferdinand. They become tired and desolate convinced that the prince has drowned. They stop for rest when strange shapes appear and bring them a feast. Prospero watches from beyond as they rejoice at the mystical food. Antonio and Sebastian decide that they will kill the king that evening when they all slept. Suddenly, Ariel appears in the form of a harpy. The spirit makes the food vanish and begins chastising Alonso, hisShow MoreRelatedCultural and Ethnic Studies682 Words   |  3 Pagesthe scope and limitations of your paper and this will be the foundation of your research paper outline. Basically, your outline will constitute three main parts namely the Introduction, the Body and the Conclusion. But to make sure your paper is complete, consult your instructor for specific parts he/she wants to be included in your research paper. Sample outlines for research papers will be given later on. But first, let us discuss the main parts of your paper and what information each should coverRead MoreResearch Paper Outline Example980 Words   |  4 Pagesthe scope and limitations of your paper and this will be the foundation of your research paper outline. Basically, your  outline  will constitute three main parts namely the Introduction, the Body and the Conclusion. But to make sure your paper is complete, consult your instructor for specific parts he/she wants to be included in your  research paper. Sample outlines for research papers will be given later on. But first, let us discuss the main parts of your paper and what information each should coverRead MoreDifferent Theories Of The Credit Risk Management1732 Words   |  7 Pagesit can predict the rather poor performance of probability of occurrence as defined by the lender. The Credit Scoring is a set of decision models and the underlying techniques that help in the decision to grant consumer credits (Thomas 2002). In summary, we can say that Credit Scoring is risk management tool that aims to predict the probability of default of a new loan using the previous loans. Thus, the purpose of the Credit Scoring is to predict risk and not to explain it. 3.1.2 The five C’sRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesObservation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus Read MoreLeadership Conflict at Centre Street Settlement House2824 Words   |  11 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc323033432 Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc323033432 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033433 Leadership Conflict at Centre Street Settlement House PAGEREF _Toc323033433 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033434 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc323033434 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033435 Issues Addressed PAGEREF _Toc323033435 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033436 Conflicting Leadership Styles PAGEREF _Toc323033436 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033437 Work Life Balance PAGEREFRead MoreLiterature Marking Scheme9477 Words   |  38 Pages Description of papers (syllabus 0486) 4.2 Paper 2: Coursework portfolio (syllabus 0486 only) Candidates submit a portfolio of t wo assignments. †¢ Each assignment should be between 600–1000 words and should be based on the study of one complete text, equivalent in scope and demand to a set text on Paper 1. †¢ The assignments must be on different texts. †¢ One of the assignments (but not two) may be on a text prepared for Paper 1. (There is no requirement to include work on aRead MoreAcknowledgement Of The Almighty Grant You Peace And Happiness2550 Words   |  11 Pagesit can predict the rather poor performance of probability of occurrence as defined by the lender. The Credit Scoring is a set of decision models and the underlying techniques that help in the decision to grant consumer credits (Thomas 2002). In summary, we can say that Credit Scoring is risk management tool that aims to predict the probability of default of a new loan using the previous loans. Thus, the purpose of the Credit Scoring is to predict risk and not to explain it. 3.1.2 The five C’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 3191 Words   |  13 Pagesand Richard II. After this, he moved onto romantic plays such as Romeo and Juliet and comedies like A Midsummer Nights Dream and Much Ado About Nothing. His later works that concluded his career included tragedies such as Hamlet, Macbeth, and The Tempest. He is said to have died on his birth date in 1616 but scholars have believed this to be a myth and say that he was interred on April 5th. Macbeth was first printed in 1623 but there is no solid date as to when it was first performed. It has beenRead MoreSubstance Use Assessment Flight2828 Words   |  12 Pagesrealizes he is an alcoholic and drug addict and that he needs help. He wants to assure himself that after treatment he can remain clean and sober. Mental status examination Mr. Whitaker was oriented to time person place and setting. He was able to complete serial sevens without any error and within normal limits. There are no apparent impairments of language, memory or speech. He was able to copy complex figures without difficulty. 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The True Story About Free Ielts Essay Samples That the Experts Dont Want You to Hear

The True Story About Free Ielts Essay Samples That the Experts Don't Want You to Hear This essay will initially discuss which elements lead to job satisfaction and it is going to then tackle the question of how likely it is that all people can be content with their job. The questions close to the end aren't always given in a very simple way. You must compose an answer to the question giving reasons and examples to back up your answer. There isn't any reason to reassess your answers. Folks may think there are lots of important elements which influence the evolution of a nation, by way of example, natural resources, geographical position and management. As computers are getting to be a standard tool for teaching, teachers need to be more conscious of their function as guides in the acquisition of knowledge in place of transmitters of facts. Furthermore, without the assistance of education and science it's also impossible to discover a new supply of resources. 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The Villian Iago in Shakespeare´s Othello Essay - 697 Words

Throughout Othello, Iago is the most prominent and perplexing villian in Shakespearean history. His redeeming qualies enables him to allure the characters such as Roderigo, Cassio and Othello through his morality. As an audience we are introduced to his contempt and his hunger for revenge despite his lack of proof. Iago symbolizes evil and brutality. So what makes him a crucial character in the play. His understanding of manipulation and his brilliance makes him an important role in the play since hes willing to to climb up the stairs to get his general, who he hates. Iagos first use in the play was Roderigo who isnt very clever. At the beginning of the play Roderigo and Iago are talking about the Moor referred to as Othello and†¦show more content†¦Iago knows that a few little words would able him to make Roderigo trustworthy of him and he did this by advising Rodrigo to do things that would eliminate those whom Desdemona loved. He told Roderigo that her realtionships with Cassio and Othello werent going to last for eternity and that she would turn on him. This caused Roderigo to be very credulous since it seemed right from his point of view about Desdemona turning on him. Ever since Iago poisoned him with that idea, Roderigo carried out his advice thinking it would develop his relationship with Desdemona. This words from Iago caused some hope and confidence in Roderigo causing him to take every advice Iago tells him to do in spite of capturing Desdemonas heart yet this all benefited Iagos path and not Roderigo. Another character thats been managed bt Iago is Cassio. Iagos lethal words forces Cassio to drink even though Cassio isnt supposed to. Unforunately the drink seized his position causing him to fall apart not only because of his position but his sense of dignity since his reputation was damaged. Unquestionably Cassio wanted to regain his position. By all means Iago tells him what to do in order to regain his position back. Iagos words were, à ¢â‚¬Å"†¦Confess yourself freely to her; importune her help to put you in your place again†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (2.3.255). These lines indicate that Cassio was to seek help from Desdemona in spite of gaining back his job. Yet Iago told Cassio to do this forShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pageshave meaning. In Othello by William Shakespeare, Iago is the villian present in the drama. He manipulates people into thinking things that aren t true. The way the author lets the reader know the plan behind Iago’s actions, but not the other characters, the irony that s present in the words he uses to describe Iago, and the symbolism he uses to cause betrayal for other characters, helps one to realize that Iago is the villain. One can see the villainry that s present in Iago s character when heRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Self Esteem in Othello1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe Theme of Self Esteem in Othello For the theater-going people of the Elizabethan age, there were many hardships. Many of them experienced poor living conditions and treatment. All of them faced the dangers of a comparatively underdeveloped medical knowledge which often left the young and elderly to die of common diseases. The magic of Shakespeare is not only that historians can learn of otherwise undocumented details of the 1500s, but also that all readers can discover the many similarities

Ib Ia Microeconomics free essay sample

The gathering also underscored mixed law enforcement messages about the statute. Hours earlier, Seattles city attorney issued a stern warning that public pot puffing would not be tolerated and violators faced citations with $100 fines. But the prosecutors admonition was contradicted by the Seattle Police Departments own instructions to officers to limit their enforcement actions to warnings, at least for now. The new law, passed by voters last month in a move that could set the state up for a showdown with the federal government, removes criminal sanctions for anyone 21 or older possessing 1 ounce (28. grams) or less of pot for personal use. Colorado voters also chose to legalize pot for personal recreational use but that measure is not due to come into effect until next month. Both states are among 18 that have already removed criminal sanctions for medical use of marijuana. The Washington law legalizes possession of up to 16 ounces (0. 45 kg) of solid cannabis-infused goods like brownies or cookies and up to 72 ounces (2. 4 kg) of weed in liquid form. However, driving under the influence of cannabis, or imbibing in public places where the consumption of alcohol is already banned, remain illegal. If youre smoking in plain public view, youre subject to a ticket, Seattle City Attorney Pete Holmes told a news conference Wednesday. If drinking in public is disallowed, so is smoking marijuana in public. VICTORY FOR HEMP The new law ultimately will permit cannabis to be legally sold and taxed at state-licensed stores in a system to be modeled after those in many states for alcohol sales. The state Liquor Control Board, along with agriculture and public health officials, have until next December to set up such a system. But for now, it remains a crime to sell, cultivate or even share ones own stash, even though the law allows individuals to purchase a limited amount for personal possession. Little if any of the laws fine points seemed to matter to the mellow and largely middle-aged gathering of about 100 people near the foot of the Space Needle as the statute took effect at midnight. Low-key cries of Yeah! and Smoke some weed and Anybody got a bong? rose after an Oregon radio personality, Radical Russ Belville, finished a 10-second countdown on a bullhorn. Mike Momany, 61, wearing a black Bad Pig brand motorcycle jacket, said he was forming the Washington State Cannabis Tourism Association to promote pot tourism. Although he has smoked grass for 40 years, Momany said he had slowed his intake because it makes me eat too much. Another smoker, wearing sunglasses and ca lling himself Professor Gizmo, 50, said: Victory for hemp. If our forefathers could see us now. No police were visible as the aroma of cannabis wafted through the air and Bob Marley music blared from loudspeakers. There were no immediate reports of any arrests. Appeals to keep pot smoke indoors were expected to go unheeded again at a larger celebration by marijuana advocates planned for Thursday evening at the Space Needle. Celebrations over pot legalization were later muted by violence, as police said two masked men who tried to rob a large pot-growing operation in a residential garage were shot and killed outside of Tacoma. LAID-BACK APPROACH The Seattle Police Department publicized its laid-back pot enforcement directive on its SPD Blotter website on Wednesday, but advised against flagrantly lighting up in public. The police department believes that under state law, you may responsibly get baked, order some pizzas and enjoy a Lord of the Rings marathon in the privacy of your own home, if you want to, the notice said. While asserting that public pot use remained expressly prohibited, Seattle police said officers lack clear enforcement authority and that it would take at least 30 days for legislation to be crafted enabling officers to cite violators. In the meantime, in the spirit of the new law, the departments going to give you a generous grace period to help you adjust to this brave, new and maybe kinda stoned world we live in, the departments online message says. Prosecutors in several counties said last month they were dismissing scores of misdemeanor marijuana possession cases in advance of the new law. But whether public or private, cannabis use violates federal law, which classifies marijuana as an illegal narcotic. U. S. Attorney Jenny Durkan in Seattle reiterated on Wednesday the U. S. Justice Department position that growing, selling or possessing any amount of marijuana remained a federal crime, regardless of any changes in state law. The Washington State’s landmark marijuana law permits Marijuana to be â€Å"legally sold and taxed at state licensed stores†. The enactment of the legalization of marijuana statute results in both positive and negative externalities. The main positive externality is the effect of law on the government’s budget. The state can now tax the production and sale of marijuana. More importantly, the government can save millions of dollars by reallocating the government expenditure spent on criminal justice enforcements of prohibition. The main negative externality is the social and moral implications of smoking marijuana. When marijuana was prohibited the government had no access to any of the revenues from the illegal sale of marijuana. The main positive externality is, therefore, the effect of the law on the government’s budget. The state can now tax the production and sale of marijuana and benefit from this large and lucrative industry. Consumers will also benefit because marijuana is an elastic good. Marijuana is considered to be elastic because a change in the price leads to a change in the quantity demanded or supplied. Diagram 1: Before the legalization of marijuana the supply and demand were in disequilibrium. As indicated by the graph bellow, the price (P1) of marijuana was too high because the consumer is paying for the risk of the drug dealer being arrested. The corresponding quantity (Q1) is low because the demand of marijuana is price elastic. Diagram 2: After the legalization of marijuana, the higher production caused by the legalization of the drug will lower prices and raise the quantity demand to Q3 ( Q3 is equilibrium) . Taxation of the drug will then result in higher revenues. Also, while it is hard to find an exact estimate to how many jobs could be generated by the legalization of marijuana, establishments will be created for distribution and jobs like physicians, delivery drivers, and dispensary operates are necessities. People with records of using and dealing marijuana may find an easier time getting a job. More jobs will ultimately higher a nation’s productivity and annually improve a nations PPC. The government can save millions of dollars by reallocating the government expenditure spent on criminal justice enforcements of prohibition. The government had spent over $50 billion on the war on drugs; the state also faced a 90% fail rate to eradicate the drug. Instead of the nation spending their peoples tax money on a war that can’t be won; a better investment can be made. For instance, medical care, investments in social standards like public parks and roads, or even an investment in industrial innovation; these investments are essential to economic stability rather than investing $50 billion dollars in a plan with virtually no outcomes. Inhaling smoke is never healthy; therefore social costs of legalizing marijuana may outweigh the benefits. To get an idea of social costs at hand, one can look at the social costs generated by tobacco smoke. Tobacco- related health care costs and lost production account to $200 billion a year nationwide in the United States. Tobacco is a demerit good. A demerit good is a good that is considered unhealthy or damaging in some way. Demerit goods also cause negative externalities, an externality is either a positive or negative side effect caused during a transaction between two parties while a third party is caring the good. According to the National Institutes of Health â€Å"While cannabis smoke has been implicated in repertory dysfunction †¦ it has not been casually linked with tobacco related cancers such as lung, colon, or rectal cancer. † Therefore, though inhaling smoke is never healthy, whatever costs or savings smoking causes will be less extreme for marijuana than tobacco. On another note, studies have shown that wants a subject has smoked cannabis the risk in being involved in a car accident doubles. A solution to this could be enforcement of a law forbidding smoking and driving. A law like this stands against consumption of alcohol and driving. Tax revenue from cannabis can also help to create a campaign to educate citizens not to smoke and drive. As for the moral issue, the article presents a solution to forbid smoking of marijuana outside private resentences. Without seeing anyone smoking the drug outside a household, citizens would not have to face the issue. In conclusion, the marginal benefits of the drug outweigh the marginal social and private costs. Meaning, profit will be generated and increase economic stability. Other aspects also point to legalizing marijuana as logical enough to proceed.

Lance Armstrong Gets Dumped by R. Albergotti, V. OConnell and S. Vranica

In the article Lance Armstrong Gets Dumped Reed Albergotti, Vanessa O’Connell and Susanne Vranica (2012) describe the actions against the famous athlete Lance Armstrong by such companies as Nike or RadioShack. In particular, the authors report that these organizations cancelled commercial contracts with this athlete because he was found guilty of using performance-enhancing drugs (Albergotti, O’Connell, Vranica, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lance Armstrong Gets Dumped by R. Albergotti, V. O’Connell and S. Vranica specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This decision can be explained by the willingness of corporate executives to make sure that their products appeal to clients (Albergotti, O’Connell, Vranica, 2012). Therefore, Armstrong’s violation of anti-doping rules produced significant implications for many businesses. Moreover, the athlete was deprived of many financial bonuses that companies previously offered him. Furthermore, the authors focus on the importance of reputation for marketing activities of a company. In particular, they refer to the results of a consumer research according to which the products associated Lance Armstrong became less popular among consumers (Albergotti, O’Connell, Vranica, 2012). Additionally, the writers also mention such athletes as Tiger Woods or Michael Vick whose contracts with private companies were ended because their public image was tarnished. The problems examined by the authors can be relevant to businesses that strongly rely on celebrities in effort to promote their products or services. The leaders of these companies should remember that this strategy is not always effective. On the whole, this article illustrates that the behavior of only one individual can have significant implications even for large organizations that invest many millions of dollars in their marketing activities. Such companie s as Nike have to make sure that their brand or products are not associated with something negative such as doping. This is the main reason why they end partnerships with athletes or other celebrities who have been involved in some scandals (Horrow, 2011, p. 177). The case of Lance Armstrong is probably the most prominent one. Moreover, this situation shows that modern consumers pay attention to the ethical aspects of corporate and individual behavior (Harrison, Shaw, Newholm, 2005, p. 50). In my opinion, this is a positive tendency because it forces businesses to set higher standards for their performance. Nevertheless, I do not support the idea that people’s buying decisions should be influenced by celebrities. As a consumer, I do not pay much attention to such commercials.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is quite difficult to provide any alternative solution to the problem described in the article. The thing is that Nike and other companies strongly rely on the reputation of athletes who often act as role models for buyers (Beverley-Smith, 2002, p. 11). Under such circumstances, the termination of the contract is the most reasonable response. Moreover, Nike or other companies could even sue Armstrong. Moreover, I can say that these organizations should not rely strongly on celebrities when promoting their products. In this ways, scandals related to doping will not affect them strongly. This is the main recommendations that I can make to companies like Nike. On the whole, this discussion shows that the performance of a company can depend on a variety of factors and some of them are quite unpredictable. The case of Lance Armstrong demonstrates that reputation plays a key role for modern businesses that emphasize their corporate responsibility. The issues discussed by the writer can be relevant to various companies that are dependent on th eir public image. Reference List Albergotti, R. O’Connell, V. Vranica, S. (2012). Lance Armstrong Gets Dumped. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444868204578062313532317222 Beverley-Smith, H. (2002). The Commercial Appropriation of Personality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Harrison, R., Shaw, D., Newholm. T. (2005). The Ethical Consumer. London: SAGE. Horrow, R. (2011). Beyond the Scoreboard: An Insider’s Guide to the Business of Sport. New York: Human Kinetics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lance Armstrong Gets Dumped by R. Albergotti, V. O’Connell and S. Vranica specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Lance Armstrong Gets Dumped by R. Albergotti, V. O’Connell and S. Vranica was written and submitted by user Lea Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.