The discipline of archaeology is by no means a simple nor singular study of the past Essay Example For Students

The order of archaic exploration is in no way, shape or form a basic nor solitary investigation of the past Essay Because of the wide scope of proof inside the archeological record, from natural to inorganic, a wide range of strategies and approaches are taken so as to manage the wide range of varying proof. By the by, the investigation of ceramics is without question one of the most significant assignments taken on by any classicist. An extraordinary abundance of data can be picked up from the investigation of ceramics, in spite of its lifeless state. It is for this very explanation that this article will endeavor to investigate and clarify the large number of study that archeologists apply to earthenware. As has just been expressed, there are numerous exercises to be gained from the investigation of earthenware. These exercises shift in both practice and utility. Be that as it may, all have their impact in sorting out the past. Much can be gained from earthenware some of which is legitimately connected to the ceramics itself. Other data can be discovered which is more construed than all else. This hence makes the investigation of stoneware one of two sections. We will compose a custom exposition on The control of archaic exploration is in no way, shape or form a basic nor particular investigation of the past explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Initially, the physical investigation of ceramics, which will be managed in the initial segment of this article, and besides the investigation of the social knowledge stoneware gives empowering archeologists to comprehend the general public from which it came. Maybe the most clear method of examining ceramics is by the unaided eye yet its conspicuousness ought not reduce its significance. By watching the physical traits of any antiquity an incredible arrangement can be recounted its assembling just as its producer. The act of typology is of incredible use while investigating stoneware. By watching the shape and size of any relic it is frequently conceivable to date that antiquity inside a particular scope of dates. The size of this range is anyway not generally as precise as one would want it to be. By and by, by utilizing typology an informed conjecture can be made with respect to the making of a bit of earthenware this would then be able to be additionally applied to the site itself where the stoneware was exhumed. Assuming be that as it may, the bit of stoneware is enhanced in any capacity the date of creation can be increasingly exact. The purpose behind this expansion in exactness is very straightforward. Despite the fact that the state of a bit of earthenware is a significant factor in deciding its date through typology it is sadly not especially inclined to change through time, in contrast to enrichment. The state of a water vessel by and large continues as before in a particular culture because of the idea of its motivation, it is along these lines substantially more helpful if an adornment is available on the vessel since it is significantly more vulnerable to change. Enhancing highlights may change in a couple of ages and in this way are supposed to be sequentially touchy. It is therefore that beautiful highlights can limit the range wherein an antiquity can be dated. As valuable as typology ends up being it is lamentably just reasonable when adequate exploration has been done in the specific zone which is being contemplated. Qualities from one culture can't really be applied to another. It is in this manner impractical to expect that a little restricted container found in Asia could be dated alongside one of comparative characteristics found in Europe. Not all physical investigation of stoneware have such complexities. Exceptionally essential perceptions can educate an extraordinary arrangement regarding the creation of a bit of ceramics. Albeit regular spot today, the act of tossing pots on a wheel was just presented after around 3400 B. C. Past this date a procedure of building pots up utilizing a progression of mud loops was utilized. This effectively recognizable distinction can promptly give the bit of ceramics an end post quem. It additionally gives an away from of the innovation accessible and utilized by the specialist. The physical attributes of earthenware can likewise be utilized to recognize considerably better subtleties of its creation. In the event that the outside of a bit of earthenware is vitrified or coated it very well may be expected that it was terminated in a warmth more than 900 degrees Celsius which is just conceivable in an encased furnace. he procedure of terminating earthenware in an encased furnace produces total oxidization of the mud and in this way a uniform shading can be seen on the completed item. .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .postImageUrl , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:hover , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:visited , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:active { border:0!important; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:active , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39ed dd764328b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Call Of The Wild EssayA shady or smeared surface demonstrates deficient oxidization which is the result of lacking time or warmth in terminating, this is commonly the consequence of a bit of stoneware terminated in an open furnace. It is additionally conceivable to apply increasingly logical strategies to build up subtleties of a bit of potterys produce. Examining electron microscopy can uncover slight changes in the microstructure of earth warmed more than 900 degrees Celsius. The consideration paid to how hot the furnace was may appear from the outset lopsided to its value yet in actuality it is critical. By building up at what temperature the stoneware was terminated at a reasonable picture can be painted of keeps an eye on handle of pyrotechnology at the time being referred to. The structure of encased furnaces consequently is a significant stage in keeps an eye on advancement. By surveying the technique for make a paleontologist can uncover the innovative improvement of the gathering of individuals from which the ceramics originated from. Albeit only watching earthenware with the unaided eye can give a lot of data it has additionally been represented that increasingly logical strategies for study are of extraordinary use moreover. The ongoing improvement of such strategies has changed the field of vision of the excavator and empowered him to see the past with more prominent detail. The utilization of synthetic and infrared spectroscopy has empowered archeologists to set up subtleties of the weight control plans of the old individuals under investigation. Buildup left in or on stoneware can be taken a gander at under a magnifying instrument to uncover the substance of a pot a huge number of years back. As expressed in Renfrew Bahn a container found in Western Iraq, after compound and infrared spectroscopy was found to contain tartaric corrosive which demonstrated the most punctual appearance of wine in the eating routine of any human race. Obviously this specific bit of proof goes farther than only showing what an old gathering of individuals may have eaten or tanked. It has social ramifications as well. It induces that, because of the idea of liquor, the old gathering which the vessel originated from were associated with parties where wine would be flushed. This utilization of science inside prehistoric studies is in no way, shape or form atypical. Logical examination may appear to be cold and very incapable to reveal insight into the individuals of the past however this isn't the situation. The presence of grain impressions or grains themselves in or on old stoneware loan themselves consummately to science. From this much can be educated of the way of life of the antiquated individuals being referred to. By examining the shape and size of old grains under a magnifying instrument archeologists can pick up information on oat home life among early people groups. Once more, similarly as with buildup in the container expressed before, data in regards to the way of life of the gathering from which the stoneware originated from can de reasoned through the logical aftereffects of such practices as grain investigation through microscopy, spectroscopy and substance testing. The development and training of oats shows and advance in keeps an eye on handle of his general surroundings. Oil bearing seeds found in or on ceramics can likewise help give an understanding into the life of the gathering who made the stoneware. Oil bearing seeds which give flax can be utilized to make materials. These apparently useless remains regularly found in or on ceramics are in actuality of fundamental significance to the

Adrienne Rich Biography Essay Example For Students

Adrienne Rich Biography Essay What I know, I know through creation sonnets Passion, Politics and the Body in the Poetry of Adrienne Rich Liz Yorke, Nottingham Trent University, England This paper is to a great extent extricated from my book Adrienne Rich, which is to be distributed by Sage in October this year What I have attempted to accomplish for the paper is to follow one string investigated by the book, which I feel goes through the entire range of Richquot;s thought, a string which connections want, enthusiasm, and the body to legislative issues, to activism, and to the composition of verse. Composing verse, most importantly, includes an ability to let the oblivious talk a readiness to tune in inside for the murmurs that recount what we know, despite the fact that what we know might be inadmissible to us and, now and then, since we might not have any desire to hear, the murmurs might be essentially indiscernible. Be that as it may, to compose verse is to tune in and watch for critical pictures, to make perceptible the internal whisperings, to arrive at more profound internal for those unpretentious instincts, sensings, pictures, which can be discharged from the oblivious psyche through the imagination of composing. Along these lines, an author may come to know her more profound self, beneath the outside of the words. Verse can be a way to get to smothered acknowledgments, an approach to investigate troublesome understandings which may some way or another be rocked out of awareness through the dread loaded procedures of constraint through shirking, disavowal, overlooking. She recognizes here the motivation to legislative issues and dissent as rising up out of our oblivious wants, a sort of knowing emerging inside the body which instigates us towards activity to get our necessities met. At the point when the sonnet helps us to remember our neglected needs it actuates our drives, our charisma towards what we long for - regardless of whether that is singular, social, collective or worldwide. Rich proposals here an essential reason of her idea, that we have to tune in inside for this language of the body, thusly of knowing,. Without a doubt, our lives rely upon such methods of knowing: quot;our destroy is with signals; our lives and our demises are indivisible from the discharge or blockage of our reasoning bodiesquot;. In the sixties Richworked difficult to make a verse and a language which would connect with others, which would permit hera intends to discharge her own energy into language, thus to manufacture a lobbyist will for radical change: The will to change starts in the body not in the psyche My governmental issues is in my body, gathering and growing with each demonstration of opposition and every one of my disappointments Locked in the storage room at 4 years of age I beat the divider with my body that demonstration is in me still2 Rich connects legitimately with the battle to discharge herself from a colonizing language, the quot;so-called basic languagequot;, a man centric language that expresses the old content over and overquot;, an abstracting, dualistic language that parts mind from body and subdues and disembodies both verse and energy - a language that abuses the trustworthiness and implications of its speakers, delegitimates its oppressed clients and breaks down character and lucidness whether of people, gatherings, races or entire societies the shout of an ill-conceived voice It has stopped to hear itself, thusly it asks itself How would I exist? The change of such quiets into language and activity turns into a basic topic which turns out to be increasingly convincing, and her verse offers voice to a profound hungry aching for quot;movingquot; words, as opposed to words which neglect to perceive, comprehend or articulate the implications of quot;illegitimate clients Let me have this residue, these pale mists grimly waiting, these words moving with brutal exactness like the visually impaired childquot;s fingers or the new-conceived infantquot;s mouth rough with hunger Meditations for a Savage Child Only the epitomized word expresses from these profundities of basic want and what she effectively catches through her detects a family member, setting bound ever-changing truth is newly called into being every second. From the quot;wildnessquot; of the unblocked, ardent, encapsulated word another point of view might be made, various accentuations might be given worth, new considers may spring along with center thus the ground shifts . By the seventies, a promise to articulating womenquot;s experience will furnish women's activists with the material ground for political association. The refusal to confine political points of view to those delivered inside a male-characterized culture welcomes another attention on womenquot;s substantial explicitness: Womenquot;squot; lives and encounters are distinctive to menquot;s, thus womenquot;squot; explicit, body-based experiential-perceptual fields will likewise be unique. The errand for women's liberation got one of quot;hearingquot; ladies into discourse; of coming back to the compositions of ladies in history to investigate their naturally grounded understanding to sort out strategically. In Of Woman Born, we discover Rich highlighting the female body as an essential asset for an extending awareness: of womenquot;s persecution female science. has unmistakably more extreme ramifications than we have yet come to appreciate. Man centric idea has restricted female science to its own tight determinations. The women's activist vision has drawn back from female science hence; it will, I accept, come to see our rawness as an asset, instead of a fate. So as to carry on with a completely human life we require not just control of our bodies however control is an essential; we should contact the solidarity and reverberation of our genuineness, our bond with the regular request, the physical ground of our knowledge. This position was to call forward an ensemble of basic judgment. Elaine Showalter, in her significant paper quot;Feminist Criticism in the Wildernessquot;, was to see Richquot;s accentuation on quot;confessionquot; and the body as quot;cruelly prescriptive. She remarks : quot;there is a sense where the presentation of bleeding wounds turns into a commencement custom very discrete and separated from basic understanding. quot;4 Back to the body: essentialism and the political assignment Many saw Richquot;s technique as biologistic and essentialist, and in this way unhelpful to the reason yet how far is composing which investigates female particularity to be denounced? To Hester Eisenstein, quot;the perspective on lady as an unceasing pith spoke to a retreat from the on a very basic level freeing idea of lady as operator, on-screen character, and subject, as opposed to objectquot;. 5 And yet, as Diana Fuss has proposed, quot;essentialism can be sent adequately in the administration of both optimist and realist, dynamic and traditionalist , mythologising and resistive talks. quot;6 The conceptualisation of our own bodies isn't a fixed supreme, yet rather, is a develop that is as a rule persistently reformulated, and whose implications may, for well or sick, be socially incited. The female body is obviously in every case previously intervened in and through language. How we comprehend our bodies is persistently being formed inside the psychical and social implications flowing in culture, similarly as our perspective on ourselves is developed corresponding to explicit fleeting and geographic settings. We as a whole may disguise stigmatizing and hassling legends and messages to our proceeding with trouble. In any case, quot;the bodyquot; as such is a long way from being an origination, quot;beyond the compasses of verifiable change, permanent and therefore outside the field of political intercession. quot;7 To take such a view is itself at last reductive and deterministic in that it declines the very chance of political intercession. In Braidottiquot;s words: quot;a women's activist lady theoretician who is keen on considering sexual contrasts and the female today can't manage the cost of not to be essentialist. quot; Neither would women be able to bear to disembody sexual contrast in any undertaking worried about female subjectivity. As the quot;t hreshold of subjectivityquot; and quot;the purpose of crossing point, as the interface between the organic and the socialquot;, the body is the site or area for the development of the subject comparable to different subjects. Abstract Analysis of Edward Thomas Poetry EssayShe develops her prior endeavors to counter the predominance of the phallus through an accentuation on the sexual specificities of the female, however now features race as similarly significant in the development of personality. 0 Possessing Black or white skin shading doles out quot;my bodyquot; to a specific economic wellbeing and position inside the particular social chain of command North American working in a particular region Baltimore. Similarly as in Lacan, this assignment starts in earliest stages: Even in the first place my body I need to state that from the beginning that body had more than one character. At the point when I was done of the clinic into the world, I was seen and rewarded as female, yet additionally saw and rewarded as white by both Black and white individuals. I was situated by shading and sex as most likely as a Black kid was situated by shading and sex however the ramifications of white character were bewilde red by the assumption that white individuals are the focal point of the universe. To find myself in my body implies more than understanding what it has intended to me to have a vulva and clitoris and uterus and bosoms. It implies perceiving this white skin, the spots it has taken me, the spots it has not let me go21, dislike Lacan, this is accessibly composed, Richquot;s language continually declining the compulsion to take off skywards into raised hypothetical deliberation. In this section, with its quiet, unreferenced reverberation of Lacanian hypothesis, having whiteness and having the phallus are legitimately tantamount as in they have been assigned an unrivaled situation at the focal point of the administrative acts of North American culture. Thus, however it is vital, it isn't sufficient for women's activist hypothesis simply to perceive and assert the specificities of the femaleness of the body as a countering methodology skin shading, racial foundation, social and other locational contrasts all mama

In The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The Tell Ess

In The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The Tell Story Hear by Edgar Allen Poe, the two creators need to persuade the peruser that the primary characters is frantic. How would they do that? Which depiction is increasingly viable? Why? 1.The two stories that will be looked into are 'The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl' by Ray Bradbury and 'The Tell Story Heart' by Edgar Allen Poe. The two stories are about homicide and how the killers respond after the killings. In the story 'The Tell Tale Heart,' Edgar Allen Poe expounds on the killer's fixation and dread of an elderly person's blurred eye that drives him to murder. At the point when officials of the law come to address him, he envisions clamors from the dead eviscerated body, which compels him to concede his wrongdoing. In the second story, 'The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl' by Ray Bradbury another murder has been submitted. The creator utilizes streak backs to clarify where the killer has been with the goal that he could clear out all hints of his fingerprints and nearness at the house, his quest for gloves at that point his fixation on cleaning all over, which inevitably prompts his capture. The two stories are about fixations, in one the fixation caused the homicide, in the other the fixation was with cleaning ceaselessly all hints of the killer is available at the location of the wrongdoing after the murder. My point will be to show how the two killers were frantic, or became distraught. 2.In the story 'The Tell Tale Heart,' the killer has no thought process in murder other than his fixation. One of the elderly person's eyes, was obfuscated over and took after a vulture's eye, so the storyteller could have been distraught even before he slaughtered the elderly person. In 'The Fruit at the Base of the Bowl,' the killer was headed to desire... ...crystal fixture with its long pearls of rainbow glass.' He gets spooky by Huxley hearing again Huxleys voice, recollecting all the touchings and gesturings, before loosing control. Acton wailed vigorously he heaved the stoneware against the divider' Promptly toward the beginning of the day after the homicide Acton was found in the upper room the whole house was cleaned to a brightness everything sparkled. Everything shone, everything was brilliant!. In transit out Acton cleaned the front door handle with his hanky.' This demonstrated the manner in which he lost control after the homicide and his obsesiveness drove him to franticness by the idea of what he had done. In spite of the fact that he was not distraught toward the starting we could perceive how he became increasingly more distraught as the story went on. This is better than the other story 'The Tell-Tale heart' when the man gave indication of frenzy from the earliest starting point of the story.

Importance Of Both Financial And Non Financial Motivation Commerce Essay

Significance Of Both Financial And Non Financial Motivation Commerce Essay It is generally accepted that a powerful administration arrangement of inspiration in an organization will straightforwardly impact representatives to accomplish their objectives and organizations goals (Accel-group, 2010). As per Accel-group (2010), inspiration can be clarified in money related and non-monetary perspectives. Budgetary prizes can be characterized as utilizing cash as an impetus to representatives for improving efficiency. Conversely, non-money related prizes inspire representatives by work development, group working, and quality control circles and so forth. The underneath contention will show that money related and non-monetary inspirations are the two determinants which influence workers through examination. Taloy year called attention to that the most ideal approach to propel individuals at work is by cash. At the end of the day, those laborers who produce more in a reasonable day can get greater installment (Accel-group, 2010). The fundamental purpose behind specialists to go to work is that they can gain cash to expend (Accel-group, 2010). Along these lines, laborers are urged to fill in as proficient as conceivable they can (Accel-group, 2010). For instance, Tesco is one of the main three retails in UK (Thetimes100, 2011). There are more than 3700 stores and 440000 workers comprehensively, which is exceptionally hard to arrange well (Thetimes100, 2011). Be that as it may, Tesco utilizes motivator installment to persuade workers (Thetimes100, 2011). Tesco give representatives expanded salary, yet in addition use focused on advantage to help the shifted ways of life of workers (Thetimes100, 2011). Besides, Fringe benefits want to give their laborer some in kind instead of in crash (Accel-group, 2010). For example, organization vehicles and private medical coverage may prompt great execution of representatives in an organization (Accel-group, 2010). As another model that the fortune magazine expresses that Google is an organization which is recorded on the main 50 organizations to best work for (Ezinearticles, 2008). Google give their staff some standard advantages which certain wellbeing cares and youngsters offices by permitting laborers to carry their pets to work (Ezinearticles, 2008). The outcome for these arrangement of Fringe benefits not just decreases the quantity of debilitated leave days, yet in addition can bring a decent domain for laborers. In any case, money related prizes are not by any means the only technique that fulfills representatives. There are non-money related prizes, which are as significant as monetary prize (Changingminds, 2011). Fredrick Herzberg of necessities has guaranteed that both money related and non-monetary prizes assume huge jobs in inspiration (Changingminds, 2011). This is appear in Figure 1, physiological need is at the base of the pyramid, for example, compensation for specialist to be utilized every week or giving laborers a decent workplace (Changingminds, 2011). In the event that the physiological needs are fulfilled, workers needs will move to the following level which is called wellbeing needs, for example, living in a sheltered zone or professional stability. As the level goes up in the pyramid, the money related elements won't fulfill the laborers need while non-budgetary prizes propel workers (Changingminds, 2011). Figure 1 (Changingminds, 2011) So as to propel representatives in more significant levels in Maslows chain of command of requirements, it is essential for business to consider more in non-budgetary rewards, for example, work expansion and cooperation quality control circles. Occupation development includes giving laborers more employments to abstain from continuing doing likewise work. At the end of the day, they can change their employments and undertakings, so they won't feel exhausted. For instance, KFC contributed in excess of 240 million Yuan for 20 million representatives over a 17-year time frame when it entered China showcase ( Robroad, nd).The purpose behind KFC to utilize such a lot of cash to prepare their workers is that it expects to improve workers capacity to manage various employments and undertakings ( Robroad, nd). In the mean time, collaboration is another acceptable method to consolidate surveyed abilities to work all the more effectively. For instance, one of the overall chiefs in extravagance autos BMW accepted that collaboration assists laborers with confiding in one another and share their thoughts by conceptualizing, which thus enables the organization to run all the more proficiently (Swampfox, nd). Along these lines, BMW went through a large number of cash to make laborers figured out how to trust and convey better through a progression of training by utilizing extreme driving machine (Swampfox, nd). At long last, quality control circles can improve the idea of occupation straightforwardly. Staff can meet consistently to contemplate and take care of creation issues. Furthermore, they additionally have capacities to assist the organization with making choices. The notable PC organization IBM does well around there, workers in IBM can participate in dynamic and bring some helpful thoughts for the organization (Ocities, nd). Simultaneously representatives feel that they are trusted and ground-breaking when they were making an endeavor to take care of the issue (Ocities, nd). Along these lines, non-monetary inspiration, for example, work augmentation, collaboration and quality control circles are additionally compelling approaches to spur representatives. In synopsis, it is vital for an organization to ensure what the workers truly require and pick monetary prizes or non-money related compensations to energize them. There is no uncertainty that reasonable day pay and incidental advantages are still reasons why individuals continue working. Be that as it may, non-money related prizes which incorporate occupation broadening, collaboration and quality control circles are more pulled in for some higher instructed workers, which are similarly as significant as budgetary prizes. In this manner, organizations need to adjust every one of them and utilize them to inspire the staffs. References Section: Accel-group (2010) [Online] Employee Motivation: Theory and practice Accessible at: http://www.accel-teamHYPERLINK http://www.accel-team.com/inspiration/index.html.com/inspiration/index.html Access Date: 12, March, 2011 Changingminds (2011) [Online] Maslows Hierarchy Accessible at: http://changingminds.org/clarifications/needs/maslow.htm Access Date: 12, March, 2011 Ezinearticles (2011) [Online] Google sets the standard for an upbeat workplace Accessible at: http://ezinearticles.com/?Google-Sets-The-Standard-For-A-Happy-Work-EnvironmentHYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?Google-Sets-The-Standard-For-A-Happy-Work-Environmentid=979201HYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?Google-Sets-The-Standard-For-A-Happy-Work-Environmentid=979201id=979201 Access Date: 11, March, 2011 Qocities (nd) [Online] IBM Ideas Program Guide Accessible at: http://www.oocities.org/~keithgibby/ibm_ideas_prog_guide.htm Access Date: 12, March, 2011 Robroad (nd) [Online] KFC eatery supervisors to do what the principle work Accessible at: http://www.robroad.com/light-industry/index.php/café preparing kfc/ Access Date: 12, March, 2011 Swampfox (nd) [Online] BMW conveys collaboration at Performance Center in Greer Accessible at: http://www.swampfox.ws/bmw-conveys collaboration at-execution focus in-greer Access Date: 12, March, 2011 Thetimes100 (2011) [Online] Motivation hypothesis by and by at Tesco Accessible at: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studymotivational-hypothesis by and by at-tesco132-396-3.php Access Date: 12, March, 2011

Brief of Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc(COST) Case Study

Question: A Case Study on Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc. Answer: Fireside visits: Fireside visits show oneself coordinated groups in the association called Calgary Oil Shale Technologies (COST). COST is an auxiliary of a universal oilfield administration organization. The association supplies the information the board and innovation for upgrading oil recuperation process in Alberta, Colorado and Utah. The principle issue of the business is that there is a conflict among works and researchers. Thus, the association has recruited Algoma Howard for re-adjusting the collaboration program in a viable way. With the commitment of the upgraded cooperation plan, the association has attempted to determine those administration issues from the business (Ohtani et al. 2012). In this specific circumstance, the fireside visits comprise of operational gatherings on the ongoing industry issues. In the Fireside talks, the association welcomed all representatives for taking an interest all the while. The higher administration of the organization accepts that such gathering would encourage them in decreasing the administration issues from the business (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Algoma Howard has chosen cafeteria for directing the gathering with the representatives. The gathering has been leading at the late evening. The essential target of the gathering was to give a casual situation to representatives for talking about their issues and unsolved issues in the work structure. The conversation has been led through three phases, for example, follows: first Stage: At the underlying stage, workers talk about their issues while managing different gatherings in the business. The prime issue of the association is that the representatives face difficulties in helping out different gatherings (Beecham, Carroll and Noll 2012). second Stage: In the subsequent stage, the gathering centers around the issues of the business. In any case, the group would not concentrate on any person in the business. Rules of the commitment or the rule have been given at the second phase of meeting in the business. third Stage: At the last stage, the gathering has talked about the issues associated with all level. The critical thinking conversation has encouraged the association to distinguish the key creating issues in the business. Additionally, the Fireside visits have included representatives for acquiring data about their day by day work difficulties (Turner 2014). Issue busting groups: Issue busting groups was another group managing the business related issues in a viable way. It was the following procedure to Fireside visits, and it had drawn in the impermanent groups. It was reliant on the issue recognized in fireside visits in the business. The association has selected the unique reason group to direct the procedure in a compelling way (Grunig 2013). COST connects with the colleagues of the 3 utilitarian zones and various chains of importance. In the issue busting groups, one pioneer has been appointed for better group building. In this fragment, the groups were disbanded when the issue was settled. It additionally comprises of three essential stages as follows: fourth stage: In the fourth stage, the issue Busting groups discontent while sharing dynamic and the obligation with the ground level representatives in the business. fifth Stage: In the fifth stage, the pioneer expected to assess the issues and difficulties to improve duty inside the gathering. With the inclusion of the pioneers commitment, the issue breaking groups assess the difficulties out of the business to improve the work plan in the association (Kerzner 2013). sixth Stage: In this stage, the group met up to concentrate on some incessant issues in the business. With the association of presenting this collaboration, the issue busting group has encountered the achievement in the work procedure. seventh stage: In the last stage, issue busting groups have been sorted out in changeless cross-utilitarian groups. A few cross-practical groups sorted out the whole workforce. Through the commitment of the cross-utilitarian group, the association incorporates the diverse skill from a few fields, for example, fund, promoting, HR and tasks (Menz 2012). It includes the representatives from all degree of the business. With the inclusion of the cross-useful collaboration, the association has distinguished the key issues in the business. The prime issue is that there was a conflicting between the researcher and the works in the business procedure. Consequently, the cross-practical collaborations have attempted to reduce the conflicting between the upper supervisory crew and works (Majchrzak, More and Faraj 2012). It very well may be evaluated that the fireside visits are the casual groups comprises of workers from the equivalent progressive level. Then again, the issue busting group has been an uncommon task group planned outside of the formal authoritative structure. The issue busting group has taken up the instance of unique or critical ventures for encouraging the operational division to maintain a solid work structure at the working environment. The fireside visit groups created through a few phases including raging, framing and performing stages. The fireside groups direct the casual gatherings for settling the individual issues of gathering individuals (Ghobadi and D'Ambra 2012). Then again, the issue busting groups have directed same stages all the more rapidly, as the group comprises of gifted experts of the business. Cross-practical collaborations have encouraged the association with some upper hands. For instance, the association encounters the upgraded efficiency in the business th rough the executing of the cross-practical group adequacy. By breaking down the Tuckmans model of cooperation, it very well may be evaluated that the no group begins full fledged and working (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Thusly, groups develop through unmistakably recognized stages. In this unique circumstance, Debrito had attempted to manufacture cross-useful groups through a consistent improvement process for acquiring upgraded execution from the business. Besides, the Truckmans cooperation hypothesis shows that the collaboration must be executed by considering an alternate part of the businesss circumstance (Belbin 2012). In this unique circumstance, Debrito has assumed the socio-enthusiastic job in the accomplishment of the group based exercises. Debrito was a long-lasting COST representative who was profoundly regarded at the Alberta office. Besides, Carlos Debrito was anticipating making changes in the business before his retirement. Carlos has been occupied with the business for over 26 years, and he has worked in each office in the association. With the enormous encounters in the business, Debrito has used his tremendous information to support colleagues in a viable way. In this unique circumstance, Carlos has encouraged to determine the difference in the business procedure the board. Additionally, Carlos Debrito has encouraged the association to blend the gathering by decreasing pressures, support, and follow groups best thoughts (Shin et al. 2012). Debrito has concentrated on the Socio-enthusiastic improvement in the business. Subsequently, the colleagues of COST have effectively comprehended t he significance of group the executives on the authoritative achievement. Debritos job had demonstrated the possibility authority draws near. According to the possibility authority hypothesis, the administration style ought to be founded on some specific circumstances that distinguish certain individuals performing at their most extreme level (Klarner et al. 2013). As Carlos Debrito had multi-talented, he assumed a double job at Alberta. The prime goal of Carlos was to gather the thoughts from the colleagues for executing changes in the business. Additionally, he propelled the colleagues by impacting them in an alternate way. He played out the socio-passionate job in the business, and he has bolstered the colleagues enthusiastic prerequisites by taking an interest with them in a few recreational exercises and sports action, for example, hockey games (Scarborough 2012). Thus, it very well may be surveyed that Debrito has adjusted the groups specialized necessity with human communication challenges, meeting both socio-enthusiastic needs and assignment. Debrito has utilized intuitive authority and used the taking an interest style possibility approach. The authority style of Debrito is described by a few qualities including incorporation, cooperation, and relationship building and mindful. In this type of initiative style, Debrito has persuaded the representatives in the business. More often than not, Debrito has given sufficient chances to the pioneers of the individual group for sharing their thoughts. Thus, unique business thoughts have encouraged Debrito to determine the business issues in a successful way. Debrito has put stock in the participative initiative where representatives get chance to share their criticisms and thoughts to improve the work structure in a proper way. Under his authority quality, pioneers have shared their recommendations to the subordinates for improving the business openings (Weske 2012). Besides, it has given sufficient chance to the gathering a few opportunities to take an interest and encourage in the dynamic procedure. Then again, Debrito has utilized a teaming up style for diminishing clash among experts and works. Debrito has used the mix of high level of helpfulness and a higher level of emphaticness. It was required to get achievement and responsibility in the business. Indeed, I concur with the reality if Algoma Howard simply had a Debrito in Colorado, the task would be prevailing in a viable way. Debrito was one of the key individuals for organizing the even group in the business. Besides, he was answerable for working up the even group that made up of representatives from same progressive level (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Be that as it may, he developed the group with an alternate degree of ability who has given satisfactory backings to upgrading the business in a successful way. By working together with Debrito, Algoma Howard

Startup Hubs Around the World Sao Paolo

Startup Hubs Around the World Sao Paolo When considering startup locations around the world, it is no surprise that Sao Paolo, Brazil made the list. With a population of approximately 11 million people, the city has become a leader in fine arts, commerce, finance and entertainment industries; adding startup hub for the tech market is simply the next step for the city that exerts such significant influence in both Brazil and the world. © Shutterstock.com | Thiago LeiteIn our study of Sao Paolo, we’ll explore the 1) location of the city, 2) tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, 6) the specialization of the city, and 7) startups to watch.LOCATIONThe largest city in Brazil, as well as the largest city in the southern hemisphere, Sao Paolo has been attracting the world’s attention for years as a tourist destination, and now is looking for the title of startup hub. The capital of Sao Paolo, Brazil’s most populated state, Sao Paolo wishes to position itself as a competitor in the global startup market.Geographical BenefitsLocated along the eastern coast of Brazil, Sao Paolo is uniquely situated to impact the southern hemisphere. In some ways, Sao Paolo is the gatekeeper to the rest of Brazil, and ultimately South America â€" entrepreneurs know that if they want to reach Brazil, they must be successful in Sao Paolo. Due to the high amount of rain forest in Brazil’s landscape (almo st 60% of the land is covered with rain forest and is uninhabitable), there is a strong urban concentration. Scarcity of available space with a huge population leads to high rents and costs of living â€" it can be more expensive to rent in Sao Paolo than in New York City.One of the largest benefits to choosing such a large city is the number of choices it presents you for transportation options â€" and Sao Paolo is no different. With a large population, the city is thriving; however it is also booming to the point of traffic jams and heavy traffic that can tie up the roadways for hours. In spite of the traffic concerns, roads are still the primary means of transportation in and around Sao Paolo â€" the city is crossed by 10 major highways.There are two main airports in Sao Paolo, one for international flights and another for domestic flights. As the 12th busiest airport in the world, Sao Paolo is bursting to the seams with people and a majority of them are arriving by plane. A subwa y system helps to move people throughout the city, in conjunction with the bus routes, and offer a viable solution for those who don’t wish to deal with the headache of traffic.Interestingly, Sao Paolo boasts of one of the largest helicopter usage populations in the world. It is faster, more efficient and minimizes the amount of time spent stuck in traffic. Over 2,000 helicopter flights take place daily within the city.Navigating the infrastructure of the city, it is essential to plan carefully for location of office and residential locations. Startup zones where housing and office spaces are mixed are in high demand for young entrepreneurs who often don’t have the resources to take advantage of the helicopter pads that dot the city’s landscape.Advantages to choosing the cityThe city of Sao Paolo is targeted to be the second highest growth cities by the year 2025, with an estimated population growth of 3 million people. With that many people flocking to the South American city , it is obvious that the city is experiencing unprecedented growth. By establishing a startup now, the entrepreneur can take advantage of a growing market and be established by the time the new growth opportunities arrive.Located within the city are the offices of almost every multinational corporation in the world. Living in the economic center of Brazil, residents of Sao Paolo are surrounded by a multitude of companies and services.It is extremely important for foreigners who are transitioning to Sao Paolo and may not be familiar with the language, customs or processes of the city to utilize professional services wherever possible to prevent someone taking advantage of them. Brazilians, however, approach business as an extension of trust â€" they will do business with someone they trust, making personal relationships more important in some ways than a business relationship. By selecting Sao Paolo as the location for a startup, entrepreneurs can capitalize on the Brazilian way of l ife: work hard, play harder.TAX INCENTIVESTax incentives for startup entrepreneurs in Sao Paolo are difficult to find. The business codes are complex and burdensome. Interestingly, World Bank ranked Sao Paolo 116th out of 169 countries in its ease of doing business report, naming it one of the worst cities in which to run a business. Incentives, paperwork and other concerns are issues that the city must address if it truly wishes to be competitive.There are two types of taxes in Brazil â€" the estimated profits and the real profits. Establishing a company that is taxed based on real profits is expensive; the legal and set up fees can be cost prohibitive for a young startup. There is a ‘simples’ tax regime that offers a lower tax rate for young companies, but this 8% tax rate is not available to foreign entrepreneurs. Foreigners can expect to be taxed up to 17% on every invoice, and most startups are taxed on revenue, not profit.In a similar ranking, Sao Paolo is sixth in the wor ld’s number of billionaires â€" so the city does attract wealth. Finding ways to protect the wealth from taxes and excessive fees is a process so daunting it is recommended that an accountant be used.To continue to be attractive as a startup city to entrepreneurs, Sao Paolo must find ways to re-work the tax structure and provide additional incentives to young companies.LEGAL INCENTIVESThe Brazilian government employs over 10% of the population, resulting in a large, complicated and expensive process for anyone wishing to establish a business. To startup a company in Sao Paolo, a foreign entrepreneur will need a national resident, as well as a lawyer and/or accountant to guide them through the quagmire of the paperwork and financial documents.Labor laws and payroll issues can be daunting and overwhelming to someone not familiar with the Sao Paolo culture. The labor laws in Brazil favor the worker, stating that no one can work 44 hours without extra pay. In addition, they are eligib le for 30 days paid vacation every year. There is a high taxation rate, with some estimates claiming taxes are up to as much as 75% of salaries. For the entrepreneur who does not understand the culture, adjusting to the Brazilian culture can be a shock.There is no standard form for the entrepreneurship application, and the forms can be costly â€" adding up to thousands of dollars in expenses, before the company is even up and running. In addition, foreign entrepreneurs can expect to pay around $3000 and have the process take up to 70 days.Corruption is high and expected within the Brazilian government, the “Brazil Costs” can add thousands of dollars to the initial set-up fees of corporations. Without the assistance of a lawyer, an entrepreneur may find themselves in a legal disaster if the proper paperwork isn’t completed or if other legal issues aren’t prioritized. Streamlining the startup process, reducing the amount of paperwork that needs to be completed and standardizin g the legal forms will go a long way in encouraging entrepreneurs to start companies in Sao Paolo.INVESTORSRecently, the Sao Paolo government launched an initiative to encourage development in the technology sector of industry. The Tech Sampa program is a three stage cycle designed to give new ventures that have high growth potential a framework to succeed, while connecting them with other startups worldwide. Backed by the Brazilian Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), it is an opportunity for startups to receive needed funding along with a development plan that can help provide government support in a critical stage of a company’s life.The first stage of the program provides initial funding of between $11,000 and $23,000, and allows the company to apply for additional loans from BNDES if needed. The second stage provides additional funds, as well as mentoring and infrastructure, while the third offers partnership with organizations that can supply venture capital or private funding.With a large amount of wealth already in the city, there is great potential for angel investors. Companies must work to overcome the social barriers to investing in new technologies, and establishing a plan to address cultural differences. Investors in Brazil tend to focus on revenue and are often not willing to allow for the necessary pivots and adjustments that can occur in the startup phases of tech companies. Finding investors who understand the market and the process can be difficult in Sao Paolo.An angel investor network, Anjos de Brasil, is the largest angel investor in Brazil and has offices in Sao Paolo. Having direct access to the investment group can be beneficial, and early entrepreneurs can take advantage of the lack of competition to secure funding in the growing market. Two accelerators are located in the city: Wayra and Acceleratech, providing additional investment opportunities and support.Brazil Startup Report[slideshare id=36443505doc=brazilstartup report-140629211253-phpapp02]LOCAL RESOURCESThere are unique features to any city that help to give it an edge over other locations. These resources may be a highly developed infrastructure, a well-organized startup community or a large number of willing investors.Sao Paolo is an active city, with participation in festivals, parades, international sporting events and concerts. These cultural events all help to provide entrepreneurs with activities outside of the startup, making it an attractive place to live and work. This can help to draw entrepreneurs away from other locations which may not have as much to offer. There are a multitude of parks and other green spaces where people can go to relax outside of the workplace.Brazil places a high priority on education, and Sao Paolo is home to over 200 secondary education facilities, which attracts young, well-educated individuals to the city. These individuals can become valued employees, become entrepreneurs or partner with companies t o develop new programs.With Brazil’s best higher education system, a highly skilled pool of employees, located in the center of the business decision making, Sao Paolo is uniquely situated to embark on their quest in the world’s startup market. The infrastructure of the city leaves much to be desired: airports are outdated and crowded, roads are gridlocked. However, the city is covered with more than 4,000 square miles of WiFi, and the City Hall recently hosted a hackathon for students to develop solutions for the city’s infrastructure problem.Some of the other local resources that help to contribute to the growth of Sao Paolo:Plug N’ Work: A co-working space that has a garden, as well as conference rooms, lounges and other office services, entrepreneurs can rent office space for an hour, a day or a month â€" depending on their needs. Coaching and seed funding are available through the co-working space.Startup Brazil is a government sponsored program that is being used to ge nerate interest and investment into the startups within Sao Paolo. The government invests in their chosen startups, and offers additional support and assistance through education and mentoring. The entire program was established to bolster the software and IT network already in place, and to motivate and encourage students to consider careers in these technical fields.SPECIALIZATIONSao Paolo is gearing up to become a tech startup hub, and have been having success in the e-commerce industry. There are a number of ecommerce companies already established in Sao Paolo, and the continue push towards ecommerce will grow as Brazil embraces the use of the internet. Already one of the largest users of Facebook and other internet sites, Brazilians are taking advantage of the global internet for shopping, social media and gaming. Continuing to expand their ecommerce industry will present additional challenges as the companies deal with shipping logistics and a crowded infrastructure, but promi ses to remain strong in the Brazilian tech industry. Additionally, they have a strong presence in the biomedical and fashion industries.One of the challenges Sao Paolo faces is the resistance of the people to change. A majority of the people within Brazil would prefer to work for a company that has longevity â€" the government, banks, and big companies â€" rather than take a chance on an unproven company. Because there is little established technical talent, competition for jobs is slim at this point, making it easy to find (and keep) employees in the tech sector.STARTUPS TO WATCHDafiti:  Footwear e-commerce company, Dafiti raised almost $250 million in equity funding, making it one of the largest e-commerce growths in Brazil.Shoes4You:  A subscription based shoe company, Shoes4You is the first fashion brand in Brazil to sell their products exclusively online. With a personalized experience, customers receive new footwear fashions each month.Peixe Urbano:  A collective purchasing co mpany, Peixe Urbano offers daily deals on activities in a city, while helping local businesses attract customers. With more than 20 million registered users, it is the largest ecommerce company in Brazil.Buscape: A comparison shopping ecommerce site, it compares prices on more than 700,000 products online, making it the leader in price comparison and online shopping in Brazil.

SAT vs. ACT Which Exam Is “Better”

Many Families Believe Colleges Prefer One Exam Over Another A common question that families consider when their college-bound students are preparing for the SAT or ACT is â€Å"which test is better?† Or â€Å"are the ACT and SAT considered equally in the application review process?† There’s been a long-held myth that one test is favored over the other, however, that’s simply not the case. The truth is that US colleges and universities review the SAT and ACT equally. The ACT and SAT are accepted at all US colleges and universities, as confirmed on both of their websites, and there’s no â€Å"preference† of one test over another. This is why it’s important for students to take the test that is the best-fit for their goals and abilities, rather than just taking one over the other based on common misconceptions about how college applications are reviewed. One test is not more difficult than the other, however, because of the content and formatting one test might be a better fit for a student over the other based on his or her test-taking abilities. In fact, there is such a close connection of representation between the SAT and ACT that the College Board and the ACT began working together to publish a concordance table comparing the two examinations. Most recently they published the Guide to the 2018 ACT/SAT Concordance to establish percentile groups for students (based on student scores) for both examinations. The updated 2018 concordance table has since replaced the 2016 Concordance table that was released shortly after the SAT overhaul. Understanding ConcordanceIt is important to recognize when comparing percentiles, subscore performances do not seamlessly translate across ACT and SAT. As you can see in the chart below, the ACT Science section is not considered when comparing the English Reading and Writing section of the SAT to the English and Reading sections of the ACT. Since the ACT Science section is essentially an additional reading comprehension piece (with science terminology), it’s difficult to cross compare the English sections of both examinations. The math scores are more seamlessly converted from one exam to another, given that both exams only have â€Å"one† section to compare. However, given the different time restrictions on the exam, content-difficulty layout and subtle differences in question composition, score conversions are never definite. ACT Score SAT Score ACT Composite SAT Total ACT Mathematics SAT Math ACT English Reading SAT English Reading Writing Ultimately, due to the concordance tables, colleges are able to compare students that have taken either examination. With this being the case, it is most important for students to take diagnostics of both the SAT and the ACT to determine which examination best showcases their strengths. Although the differences between the examinations may be slight, variables such as pacing, wording of questions, and exam layouts can produce better results on one exam vs. another depending on the student. Want to learn more about how SAT and ACT scores factor into the college admissions process? Download our free College Admissions Guide using the form below! //

How We Can Live Longer Essay - 1444 Words

How We Can Live Longer Introduction: I. Why do We Age A. Theories of Aging II. What is Longevity A. Life Span and Life Expectancy III. What determines Longevity III. Why Don’t Most Americans Live Past the Average Life Expectancy IV. Leading Causes Of Death (table) V. What Do We Do to Live Longer Conclusion: Introduction What is the fear of most humans? The fear is aging and death. In this paper you will find out a lot about aging. You will learn what longevity is, what determines it, the average length of life and how you can exceed it. You will find it amazing that doing simple things every day will help you to feel better an live longer.†¦show more content†¦The immune system then would attack them as it would any foreign substance, destroying the cells and impairing the body functions. Some other Theories are much more complicated. the programmed theories are: Programmed Senescence. Aging is the result of the sequential switching on and off of certain genes, with senescence being defined as time when age- associated deficits are manifested. Endoctrine Theory. Biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of aging. Immunological Theory. A programmed decline in immune system functions leads to an increased disadvantage to infectious disease and as a result is aging and death. Error Theories include: Wear and Tear. Cells and tissue have vital part that wear out. Rate of Living. The greater an organism’s rate of oxygen basic metabolism, the shorter the life span. Cross linking. An accumulation of crossed linked proteins damage cells and tissues, slowing down bodily process. Free Radicals. Accumulated damage caused by oxygen radicals causes cells and eventually organs to stop functioning. Error Catastrophe. Damage to mechanisms that synthesize proteins results in faulty protein which accumulate to a level that causes catastrophic damage to cells and organs. Somatic Mutation. Genetic occur and accumulate with increasing age, causing cells to fall apart and stop working. Having read the list of theories you could gain anShow MoreRelatedThe Life Expectancy Of The 1900 S1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe life expectancy in the 1900’s was fifty years old. A hundred years later, the life expectancy has expanded to the late eighties and early nineties. In the 1900’s people weren t as blessed and fortuitous to have the things we use today. Back then people had to deal with the fact that they couldn t be cured of certain diseases, or illnesses that came across them. Today is different. In the 20th Century, the world has become a healthier place, so much that the lifespan has elevated by almost thirtyRead MoreNational Geographic Explorer Dan Buettner1504 Words   |  7 Pagesliving longer and healthier lives. Dan Buettner and his team of researchers took us to four different areas around the world known as The Blue Zones. They uncovered the secrets to health and longevity and told us how we can apply these habits in our lives. The four Blue Zon es are: †¢ Okinawa Islands, Japan †¢ Barbagia region of Sardinia, Italy †¢ Loma Linda, California †¢ Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica We learned about these people living in the Blue Zones through their personal stories, as we were broughtRead MoreA world without transportation1645 Words   |  7 Pagestransportation. Whether it be automobiles, trains, airplanes, boats, or even bicycles, we have come to depend on these forms of transportation to do the things we want to do and go the places we want to go. 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Khaled Hossieni s The Kite Runner - 1433 Words

Khaled Hossieni was born in 1965 in Kabul, Afghanistan. He is a successful physician however, he is better known for his vivid Afghan based novels. Growing up his father was a diplomat and his mother was a school teacher. They had to move around often for his father’s job and in 1976, they moved to Paris and his father worked at the Afghan embassy there. Due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, it was unsafe for the family to return home. They sought out safety and moved to San Jose, California after being granted political asylum from the US. (â€Å"Biography†) Hossieni then attended Santa Clara University, majored in biology for his undergrad and then attended medical school at the University of California in San Diego. After†¦show more content†¦After he wrote The Kite Runner he went back to Kabul to visit and heard many stories from the people, especially from the women. He heard about the tragedies the endured, the gender based violence they suff er from on a daily biases, the discrimination, having their movement restricted, and having no legal social rights or political rights. Hossieni was enraged by this and decided to write another book but this time from a women’s perspective and he included fragments of the stories he heard from the women in Kabul. (famousauthors.org) Finally he has published another book, And the Mountains Echoed in 2013, this one is about a brother and sister separated through adoption and the novel follows both of their lives and divergence in the1950’s Afghanistan. (britannica.com) Even after writing three books based off of Afghanistan, Hosseini still devotes his life to a better Afghanistan through more than his writing. Hossieni serves as a goodwill ambassador to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and he also founded The Khaled Hosseini Foundation which provides humanitarian help to Afghan people in need. (famousauthors.org) Khaled Hossieni’s literature was influenced by his childhood and events held in Afghanistan during the 70’s and through a couple decades. Through Hossieni’s childhood he understands the torture and the horror that the Afghan people went through when the Taliban took over Afghanistan in

Happiness The Goal Of Life - 1624 Words

Outline THESIS: Happiness has many different interpretations throughout various religions and also many different definitions, but I believe that happiness is a goal and it all comes down to the way someone lives their life and their own thoughts. 1. Happiness: The Goal of Life a. Introduction 2. Religions Perspective on Happiness a. Overview of Religions b. Christians, Islamic and Judaism c. Buddhism and Taoism 3. People Throughout History’s Thoughts on Happiness a. Overview of Peoples Perspectives b. Henry David Thoreau and Benjamin Franklin c. Thomas Jefferson and Aristotle 4. Personal Views on Happiness a. A goal to be accomplished b. Conclusion Happiness: The Goal of Life Throughout the history of mankind there have been a few†¦show more content†¦Religions are all different on how they believe and what they say will make someone happy for their life. Christians believe in one god and gods son, Jesus, who will lead them with the teachings he did in his life. The Bible accounts for many ways on what to do that will make people happy in their lives and for the others around them. A quote from Pastor David Murray which states â€Å"Christian happiness is the grace of loving and being loved by Jesus who gave his life for me†. Islamic people also believe in one god and that the teachings of their sacred text will lead their lives. Muhammed was the main teacher for the Islamic religion and the people who follow his teachings are called Muslims. â€Å"True happiness is contentment, and this is only attained through activities which are not fleeting† (Ahmad, Ustadha Bint) which is how the Islamic people feel about happiness. Judaism is another religion that worships under one god for their lives and how to be a good person. A Rabbi, Shmuly Yanklowitz, talked of happiness in Judaism and he said â€Å"To live Jewishly is to live inspired with the optimism that we can build a more just and holy world and with the faith that there is a promising future for all humankind†. Abraham founded Judaism and his teachings are considered to be their sacred text and to follow his way of life. Religions that have more than one god still have teachings about how toShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Happiness As A Central Purpose Of Human Life And A Goal868 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle enshrines happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. As a result his constant work on the topic has brought light on the subject than any other philosopher in history. Aristotle was convinced that a genuinely happy life required the fulfillment of a broad range of conditions, in conjunction with physical as well as mental well-being. Aristotle believed virtues led to happiness and virtues meant the act of achieving balance and moderation. More importantly, AristotleRead MoreEssay about The Happiness Project Analysis1000 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness is not a strange term to us. We usually use that word to express our feelings in every day. Additionally, more than a word, â€Å"happiness† is what we really need and always seek in life. However, finding and under standing deeply its meaning is not easy. The online dictionary, â€Å"vocabulary.com† defines, â€Å"Happiness is a sense of well-being, joy, or contentment. When people are successful, or safe, or lucky, they feel happiness.† Thus, we always wonder if we are happy or how could we be happierRead MoreHappiness Is A Person s Wellbeing938 Words   |  4 Pagesof Happiness In society happiness is depicted as a person’s wellbeing in terms of wealth and status. The definition can vary due to an individual perception of life. By that being said happiness is not something that can be shown through materialistic things, but more so a person’s state of being internally. In addition to that, happiness can be misinterpreted due to society making happiness be something that only a person who lives lavish or have the attributes of a normal or perfect life. BecauseRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Happiness1651 Words   |  7 PagesActually Live a Contented Life Happiness is one of the biggest subjects that have the most influence in a person’s life in today’s world. People have discovered that happiness is actually related to multiple benefits of our mental and physical health. Every person wants to experience true happiness throughout his/her life. Nevertheless, everyone is suffering finding sustainable happiness. Aristotle, in his work called Nicomachean Ethics, presents the concept that living a virtuous life will produce sustainableRead MoreWhat Is Happiness?725 Words   |  3 PagesUndoubtedly, happiness is the most important part in our lives. But if you ask different individuals what is happiness, there are absolutely a wide variety of answers you would hear. It is difficult to define happiness because it means different things to different people. Like such, obtaining happiness can vary people to people and it can shape what their lifelong goals and dream are. Usually, happiness can be described as a feeling of pleasu re or enjoyment or sometimes a feeling of self-fulfilmentRead MoreHappiness : Is It Just A Thing?757 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness seems familiar with many of people. It is not measurable, touchable, profitable, nor tradable. Yet, by describing through those word above, happiness is what human seek. Definitely, every people want to be happy and no one wants to be sad. They do not only want to have happiness, but also they want to have a lot of it. However, happiness, like an untouchable thing, is an impossible thing to grasp in one’s hand. It is intangible. So how does one know if they have it? Is it just a feelingRead MoreDichotomy Of Happiness Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesdichotomy of happiness; two different feelings and their impacts; How to achieve happiness each type of happiness. b. Intro Paragraph: Happiness can be best described as the end goal of life. If a person is living a life void of happiness, they are often times seen as worse off, and most likely are. One who lives their life in search of amassing happiness may be doing it for their own happiness, or for the betterment of someone else; either way someone is living in order to achieve happiness. Even fromRead MoreAristotle Theory Of The Good Life1424 Words   |  6 Pages Aristotles Theory of Happiness and the Good Life Aristotle is one of the greatest thinkers in the history of western philosophy, and is most notably known for expressing his view of happiness in Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle develops a theory of how to live the good life and reach eudaimonia (happiness). Eudaimonia has been translated into, living a happy and virtuous life. Aristotle’s definition of the good life as the happy life, consist of balancing virtues (arà ªte), the mean, external goodsRead MoreThe Well Being Aristotle And Human Happiness1000 Words   |  4 PagesOur Well-Being: Aristotle and Human Happiness What is the purpose of a human being? â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Nicomachean Ethics). When one thinks about happiness, these words said by Aristotle allow us to understand its significance. Through Aristotle’s teachings, he made it clear that the point of life is to be happy. Aristotle uses the word happiness as having to do with a person’s life as a whole, and not as the constant desireRead MoreThe Path Of Happiness. . â€Å"Folks Are Usually About As Happy1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe Path of Happiness â€Å"Folks are usually about as happy as they make their minds up to be†, exclaimed Abraham Lincoln in Goodreads.com. Happiness is defined in many ways that not a single person can give a true definition of. People have been searching the true meaning of happiness, but in reality there are no actual definitions. Happiness is all around, a person just needs to find their path to what makes them truly happy. On the website Goodreads.com, Dalai Lama XIV states,† Happiness is not something

Essay about Fannie Mae Case - 1377 Words

Fannie Mae case. Federal regulators noted a growing string of high profile scandals at major U.S. corporations in recent years. The number of fraud cases investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission jumped 41 percent in the last three years (112 cases in 2001 compare to 79 cases investigated in 1998), resulting in tens of millions of dollars in fines to settle the charges. I have decided to take a closer look at Fannie May. This company operates in the residential mortgage finance industry. It facilitates the flow of mortgage capital to increase the availability of homeownership for low, moderate, and middle-income Americans. Its lender customers are part of the primary mortgage market, where mortgages are originated and†¦show more content†¦The effects on Fannie Mae, a highly politically connected company, could be enormous. The company holds over $1 trillion in assets, and purchases more mortgage loans than any other lender in the U.S. When the accounting errors first emerged Fannie Mae estimated that there would be an adjustment of about $9 billion in its reported earnings over the contested period. That number has since increased to over $11 billion but may increase again as further irregularities discovered with insurance related issues. No estimate of these additional potential revisions is currently available. On December 21, 2004, Franklin D. Raines stepped down as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and J. Timothy Howard resigned as Chief Financial Officer. Raines departure, at age 55, was structured as an early retirement. Under his employment agreement and the terms of the Executive Pension Plan, Raines is entitled to receive 60 percent of his High-Three Total Compensation, which is his highest total compensation for three consecutive years during the last 10 years. Upon early retirement, this number is slightly reduced leaving him with estimated annual benefits of $1,085,462. Furthermore, the companys Stock Compensation Plan of 1993 allows all options to become immediately exercisable and fully vested upon early retirement. The 2003Show MoreRelatedAn Asset Price Bubble1286 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantage of the situation for benefiting in short run. 1.3 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Wallison and Pinto (2009) claimed that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have to take the responsibility for the lack of quality of mortgage (blemished credit, low or no down payments, negative amortization and the lack of documentation of income) that leads to the growth of the housing bubble. In 9 years (1994-2003), purchases of mortgages from Fannie and Freddie as a percentage of all mortgage originations increasedRead MoreKey Factors Affecting The Foreclosure Crisis1286 Words   |  6 Pagesprotected because of the credit default swap. The real estate market boomed beyond anything anyone had ever seen. And it fed itself; the more the market boomed, the more people wanted to buy homes and the more investors were willing to lend. A case in point: to remain relevant, FHA altered its own rules. FHA loans have always required a down payment and prohibited the seller from making that down payment on behalf of the buyer. But FHA altered their own rule by allowing the seller to make aRead MoreHow Do House Of Cards Because Caused The Crash?1354 Words   |  6 Pagesas a money bank, and not thinking twice of the equity they were loosing in the process, because they thought that the value would only go up, while their mortgages would decrease, and were blinded by the so called â€Å"American Dream†. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, started in 1992, was a company started to subsidize LMI housing without appropriating any funds. In 1997, an urban report claimed that local lenders seemed more than happy to serve creditworthy low, moderate incomeRead MoreThe Crisis Of 2008 : Is It All The Feds Fault?1677 Words   |  7 Pagesin people having loan amounts that vastly exceeded the true value of their homes. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, started in 1992, was a company started to subsidize LMI housing without appropriating any funds. After an urban report in 1997 found that local lenders seemed more than willing to serve creditworthy low to moderate income and minority applicants. Upon that alligation in 1997, Fannie and Freddie modified their systems, which led the way for vaste numbers of sub-primeRead MoreThe Subprime Mortgage Crisis Of 20081305 Words   |  6 Pages For many this was seen as a blessing; however, it would come with a cost. Under these new conditions, due to their â€Å"below average† credit rating, potential homeowners would now be labeled subprime and subjected to higher interest rates. In some cases, subprime borrowers also received adjustable mortgage rates, which during initial years worked in their favor because interest rates remained low. As years progressed and interest rates increased, homeowners would now face higher mortgage paymentsRead MoreThe Burst Of The Housing Bubble2886 Words   |  12 Pagesselling them to outside investors by guaranteeing the repayment of the principal and interest (Griffith, 2012). Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored enterprises charged with providing liquidity to America’s mortgage finance system (Griffith, 2012). When issuing mortgages, the brokers knew that in the case of a default the loans were backed by securitization. Originally, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac did mortgage pooling since they used stringent standards to ensure rep ayment to the investorsRead MoreThe Looming Of A Miracle Worker Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment (HUD) become a regulator over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, according to HUD’s history. As a regulator HUD could set desired goals for the two government sponsored enterprises (GSEs) to service low-income families, creating what they saw as a good intention. From there, it is questionable the decision to purposely make a sale on what is a subprime mortgage, this sense of ignorance was merely the first along the way. What developed from this was that now both Fannie and Freddie had to meant goals whereRead MoreHistory Is The Most Important Subject Of Education Essay2004 Words   |  9 Pageshave been as general as the flaws and shortcomings of human beings and as specific as the effects of Federal Reserve System policy on interest rates or a change in mortgage loan eligibility standards by the Federal National Mortgage Association (‘Fannie Mae’) or the Federa l Home loan Mortgage Corporation (‘Freddie Mac’). The housing market is greatly affected by interest rates and credit eligibility rules, but there is much more to the story than that.† The market was booming in the early 2000s.Read MoreEssay on Countrywide Financial Home Loans Failure1300 Words   |  6 Pageslobbyists in the House of Representatives to refrain the committee from passing a legislation pertaining to new sub-prime lending rules, which would have been unfavorable for the company. Even the legislation passed to initiate reform measures at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were influenced by Countrywides lobbyists (Zacks, 2012). Past of unethical practices investigated by SEC was the executive compensation for David Sambol and Angelo Mazilo. All the ethical misconduct and high-risk business practicesRead MoreThe Cornerstone Of The American Dream2183 Words   |  9 Pagessetbacks such as unemployment, divorce, medical emergencies, etc.(cite report) Essentially, those who acquire subprime loans are at a much higher risk of default due to the aforementioned setbacks reducing their ability to meet monthly payments. In the case of the housing market collapse, many subprime mortgage loans used a financial instrument called an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) meaning that the interest rate on the promissory note is not fixed, rather it is periodically adjusted to reflect the

End to End Free Essays

The challenges of using satellites in end-to-end communications links: GEO satellite networks have the potential to provide the end user the ability to receive broadcast and multicast in greater amounts of information at higher rate of speed providing global connectivity anywhere within the footprint of the satellite. On the other hand there are several challenges that are presented when utilizing satellite networks. These challenges are seen by the end user in several different formats; the most common one being in Internet applications. We will write a custom essay sample on End to End or any similar topic only for you Order Now The latency experienced by the end user due to the communication between two earth stations can be significant and often annoying. A tremendous amount of military and government organizations utilize and rely on satellite communications, when that path fails due to blocked areas, lack of available bandwidth or atmospheric interference then this becomes a serious situation and another reason why redundancy and a secondary and tertiary plan is always needed. Point to point fiber optic connections can provide a solid backup plan if availability is an option. The latency may not affect bulk data transfer and broadcast type applications, but those applications requiring extensive â€Å"handshaking† between two sites will be undoubtedly affected. TCP which is one of the Internets major protocols requires such interaction. Satellites that can provide the end user with global and broadband communications capacity are also an option but also come with challenges of its own. LEO(low earth orbit) and MEO (medium earth orbit) each are a viable source that provide latency times comparable to that of a terrestrial fiber optics; however because neither can remain in a constant fixed position relative of that of the earth, a constellation of several satellites is required to maintain comprehensive coverage. In this case network management becomes increasingly more complicated due to handoff to another satellite, tracking problems and proper routing plans. The advantage of a simple topology is no longer a factor and lost is single-source broadcast/multicast capability and brings you back to ground zero. How to cite End to End, Papers

Cannibis Sativa Essay Example For Students

Cannibis Sativa Essay Throughout history marijuana has been used to serve various purposes in many differentcultures. The purposes have changed over timeto fit in with the current lifestyles. This pattern is also true in American history. The use of marijuana has adapted to the socialclimate of the time. Marijuana, whose scientific name is cannibissativa, was mentioned in historical manuscriptsas early as 2700 B. C. in China. (Grolier ElectronicEncyclopedia, 1995). The cultivation of the marijuana plant began as far back as the Jamestown settlers, around 1611, who used hempproduced from the marijuana plants fibers to make rope and canvas. It was also used in making clothing because of its durability. These uses fit in with the social climate of the time, because the main focus was on survival rather than for psychoactive purposes. During the prohibition, marijuana was widely used because of the scarcity of alcohol. Prohibitionwas repealed after just thirteen years while the prohibitionagainst marijuana lasted for more than seventy five years. This double standard may have resulted from the wishes of those in power. Alcohol prohibition struck directly at tens of millions of Americans of all ages, including many of societies most powerful members. Marijuana prohibition threatened far fewer Americans, and they had relatively little influence in the districts of power. Only the prohibition of marijuana, which some sixty million Americans have violated since 1965 has come close to approximating the prohibition experience, but marijuana smokers consist mostly of young and relatively powerless Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). Alcohol prohibition was repealed and marijuana prohibition was retained, not because scientists had proved that alcohol was the less dangerousof the various psychoactive drugs, but because of the prejudicesand preferences of most Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). In 1937 the government issued the Marijuana Tax Act, which levied a dollar an ounce tax on marijuana, coupled with fines of $2,000 for drug posession and jail sentences for evasion of the tax. For thisreason marijuana use in the United States appearsto have gone into decline in the late 30s(Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Then marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as arepressive measure against Mexican workerswho crossed the border seekingjobs duringthe Depression. The specific reason given for the outlawing of the hemp plant was itssupposed violent effect on the degenerate races(Schaffer, pg. 86). Beginning in the 60s marijuana use saw aresurgence which may be attributed to manycauses. One of the main causes was the rebellion of youth against the Vietnam War. They used marijuana as an escape from war to peace. It was easy at this time to depict marijuana as a beneficial and completely harmless substancewhose effects were far less harmful than thoseof legal drugs such as alcohol and nicotinebecause there was not enough scientificresearch done during the 60s (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Another cause may have been the discovery ofthe psychoactive component of marijuana-tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC. Users found the relation between the doses andthe effects (Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995). The current atmosphere provides for doctors tosuggest synthetic marijuana (THC) in a pure andstandardized form by perscription (called Marinol)for the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. Also, although there is noscientific evidence that shows marijuanais beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma,it may prevent the progression of visual loss. Marijuana, along with alcohol and a host ofother substances, can actually lower intraoculareye pressure. The mediction however, must be carefully tailored to the individual to prevent further eye damage. .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .postImageUrl , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:hover , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:visited , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:active { border:0!important; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:active , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Story About Best Friends EssayThe evidence has clearly shown that marijuana has been around for a great deal of timeand has served multiple purposes throughout history. Karen SipesDana PentoneyJeni RoaneSourcesGrolier Electronic Encylopedia, Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1995Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, Drugs, Society Behavior. Vol. 3, 1992. Ethan A. Nadelmann, American Heritage Magazine,Feb-Mar, 1993. Medical Marijuana, http://www.lec.org/Drug_Watch/Public/Documents/Med_Marijuana_Paper.htm, 1995.

Surface Modifications-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Literature Review on the Topic of Surface Modifications with a Purpose of Depositing Lipids. Answer: Introduction It is very difficult to study complex natural cell membrane due to their native states. Lipids with the simpler model system are hence admirable for studying biomolecule interaction as well as the particular role of the component of the membrane. The suitable choice of the model will highly depend on the method employed for the scrutiny(Ottova-Leitmannova, 2015). Every model selected will have both disadvantage and advantage. The bilayers of lipids can be made on the solid support through using multiple methods including Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and LS (Langmuir Scaefer ). This method can be done in situ but LS and LB methods will need deposition of just a monolayer at a time by the help of Langmuir fil balance. This method is preferred for the bilayer deposition having a specific and controlled asymmetric leaflet composition. The most common method of preparing model cellular membrane is (DIBB) Droplet Interface Bilayer method. In this technique, the lipid bilayer is made from two water droplets which are submerged in oil and also coated with a monolayer of lipids. This can be either control, asymmetric or symmetric each droplet composition bilayer tailoring can be realized(Lemons, 2012). In addition, the solution on either side of the membrane is able to be controlled permitting for studies of the interactions in the membrane and specific bimolecular. This technique was employed recently to reconstitute bilayer of lipids from the total extract of model cell membrane known as Escharia coli. Surface Sensitive Methods To Study Supported Lipid Bilayers And MolecularInteractions With Them Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. The inherent properties of the piezoelectric quartz can be keenly analyzed using QCM-D to trigger oscillation in the sensor, this will respond by deforming immediately when an external voltage is subjected to it(Ratner, 2012). The standing shear waves will be developed in the two gold electrodes due to the application of the alternating voltage. The shear wave will decay into the liquid having the characteristic length of decay. This length is always taken as 250nm, this for the crystal which is immersed in a pure water hence, this will give a perfect range of detection for the QCM-D. A solvent will be identified as a mass which is coupled with a mean thickness conforming to ?L. Where ?L is taken as the density of the liquid. The length of decay will vary with the following equation(Auernhammer, 2011). ; where nL is the absolute density of the liquid. Hence, if the solvent is exchanged with another one having higher viscosity, it will trigger an increase in the mean thickness detected by the crystal. The principle for the operation of QCM.D is based on the relationship between the change in frequency and the change in mass of sensor crystal. For such setup, if a change in mass is taken as m and change in frequency is taken as f, then from the simple Sauerbrey relationship m=-C* f/n. where C is the material specific Saurbray constant which is given as C=tg*?q/f0 and n is the harmonic number. Tq is the thickness of the quartz while ?q is the density of the quartz(Rotello, 2014). QCM-D basically records the wet adsorbed and not the dry ones since other optical techniques like ellipsometry, reflectometry and surface plasmon will do. This can be evident as an asset of the QCM-D method because it includes a tool needed for complementary info for the adsorbed layer in several liquid environments and also in combination with other surface sensitive methods(Smentkowski, 2011). The following diagrams show principle in dissipation and frequency change in the QCM-D. Fig 1: Dissipation Fig 2: Signals generated from a soft vesicle layer. AFM and the setup for imaging under continuous flow conditions. For AFM, the topology can be envisaged thru the interaction of resulting force on the tip upon scanning the surface and a sharp tip. Through scanning the surface in the pattern of the raster as well as sensing the position of laser beam sensor(Iglic, 2013). Depending on the material and the reason for the study, the AFM is operated in several modes like contact, tapping or noncontact mode. Zasadzinski used lipid AFM imaging on a lipid layer in 1991, these lipid bilayers were 1,2- dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, from that date a plethora of membrane scrutiny has been done using AFM. The below diagrams shows how AFM utilizes the interatomic forces amid a sharp tip and a surface. Fig 3. a) shows AFM utilizes interatomic forces b) Shows the optimized AFM AFC setup based on gravity. Neutron reflection This is the very powerful method employed for studying thin adsorbed layer because it gives more info on the structural features in the direction which is orthogonal to the interface having a resolution with few Angstrom(Crdenas, 2012). The sketch of a neuron beam impinging on the surface is shown below; Fig4: a) shows neuron beam sketch b) shows neuron scattering in a silicon block and c) shows simulated reflectivity curve. Formation Of Supported Lipid Bilayers By Vesicle Fusion, The Case For Single Component And Fluid Lipid Systems QCM-D is a highly sensitive method more so for the viscous layer which has a large amount of water. This shows a reason QCM-D has become a stronghold for learning the formation of SLB through vesicle formation. But AFM excels for in-plane imaging for morphology in the layer of adsorbed having lateral resolution to few nm and Angstrom resolution in the x-axis orientation. NR is as well very sensitive to the buried interface but less sensitive to a diffuse water-rich structure like vesicle. References Auernhammer, G. (2011). Surface and Interfacial Forces - From Fundamentals to Applications. Hawaii: Springer Science Business Media. Crdenas, M. (2012). Understanding the formation of supported lipid bilayers via vesicle fusionA case that. Hawaii: American Vacuum Society. Iglic, A. (2013). Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes. Manchester : Academic Press. Lemons, J. (2012). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Manchester : Academic Press. Ottova-Leitmannova, A. (2015). Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, Volume . Stoke : Gulf Professional Publishing. Ratner, B. (2012). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Chicago : Elsevier. Rotello, V. (2014). Nanoparticles: Building Blocks for Nanotechnology. Chicago: Springer Science Business Media. Smentkowski, V. S. (2011). Surface Analysis and Techniques in Biology. London: Springer Science Business Media.