How We Can Live Longer Essay - 1444 Words

How We Can Live Longer Introduction: I. Why do We Age A. Theories of Aging II. What is Longevity A. Life Span and Life Expectancy III. What determines Longevity III. Why Don’t Most Americans Live Past the Average Life Expectancy IV. Leading Causes Of Death (table) V. What Do We Do to Live Longer Conclusion: Introduction What is the fear of most humans? The fear is aging and death. In this paper you will find out a lot about aging. You will learn what longevity is, what determines it, the average length of life and how you can exceed it. You will find it amazing that doing simple things every day will help you to feel better an live longer.†¦show more content†¦The immune system then would attack them as it would any foreign substance, destroying the cells and impairing the body functions. Some other Theories are much more complicated. the programmed theories are: Programmed Senescence. Aging is the result of the sequential switching on and off of certain genes, with senescence being defined as time when age- associated deficits are manifested. Endoctrine Theory. Biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of aging. Immunological Theory. A programmed decline in immune system functions leads to an increased disadvantage to infectious disease and as a result is aging and death. Error Theories include: Wear and Tear. Cells and tissue have vital part that wear out. Rate of Living. The greater an organism’s rate of oxygen basic metabolism, the shorter the life span. Cross linking. An accumulation of crossed linked proteins damage cells and tissues, slowing down bodily process. Free Radicals. Accumulated damage caused by oxygen radicals causes cells and eventually organs to stop functioning. Error Catastrophe. Damage to mechanisms that synthesize proteins results in faulty protein which accumulate to a level that causes catastrophic damage to cells and organs. Somatic Mutation. Genetic occur and accumulate with increasing age, causing cells to fall apart and stop working. Having read the list of theories you could gain anShow MoreRelatedThe Life Expectancy Of The 1900 S1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe life expectancy in the 1900’s was fifty years old. A hundred years later, the life expectancy has expanded to the late eighties and early nineties. In the 1900’s people weren t as blessed and fortuitous to have the things we use today. Back then people had to deal with the fact that they couldn t be cured of certain diseases, or illnesses that came across them. Today is different. In the 20th Century, the world has become a healthier place, so much that the lifespan has elevated by almost thirtyRead MoreNational Geographic Explorer Dan Buettner1504 Words   |  7 Pagesliving longer and healthier lives. Dan Buettner and his team of researchers took us to four different areas around the world known as The Blue Zones. They uncovered the secrets to health and longevity and told us how we can apply these habits in our lives. The four Blue Zon es are: †¢ Okinawa Islands, Japan †¢ Barbagia region of Sardinia, Italy †¢ Loma Linda, California †¢ Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica We learned about these people living in the Blue Zones through their personal stories, as we were broughtRead MoreA world without transportation1645 Words   |  7 Pagestransportation. Whether it be automobiles, trains, airplanes, boats, or even bicycles, we have come to depend on these forms of transportation to do the things we want to do and go the places we want to go. To go to school, work, shopping malls, movies, and even the grocery store we just hop in our cars and away we go. To go to business meetings in Los Angeles, basketball games in Wisconsin, or vacations in Hawaii, we just book the next flight and were there. To import and export goods, businesses andRead MoreReligion Is Good For Kids1158 Words   |  5 Pagesare a lot of people that believe in a higher power and that this higher power has influence in their lives. Belief in a higher power/God provides comfort and support in times of need. Melinda Wenner, 2008 who wrote â€Å"Religion is good for kids,† st ates that kids who have religious parents are better behaved and control themselves much better than other kids. Wenner also sites a study that looks at how religion affects a child’s development. The study, she speaks of, was done by John Bartkowski, aRead MoreHow Diets Affects Your Life997 Words   |  4 Pages Diets the Key to Life In modern day America there is a strong focus on changing how people have been eating. A lot of people are putting into consideration if eating that bag of chips or drinking that can of soda is the right step to engage into. Diets have evolved the eating habits of many americans mainly because they are fighting diseases that run in the family, or even personal goals to beat obesity and look and feel healthy. I myself am on a diet that I turned into a lifestyle for me, becauseRead MoreGetting Rid Of Friends Is Not Healthy958 Words   |  4 PagesBuettner. I say no, people are happy with their lives, for the most part eating what they want and going about their daily live with the routines they are used to. Adding more simple steps like going to be more active, having a daily purpose, eating right, and many people I think would agree would After careful review of Ted Buettner’s video and transcript and review of his findings, I would think most people would disagree with some of his logic on how to reach 100 years old. In this case I look atRead MoreAnalysis Of Ted Buettner s Video And Transcript963 Words   |  4 Pagestranscript and review of his findings, I would think most people would disagree with some of his logic on how to reach 100 years old. In this case I look at my community and the factors that make up my community and in the event that what he states in his video is true, I do believe that my neighborhood and my community could absolutely adopt the ideas and concepts of a healthier lifestyle and live longer. However, I think most residents and occupants would agree to say that even though it is possible toRead MoreExercise Is The Fight Of Exercising968 Words   |  4 Pagesexercising, whether it is trying to find the time to do it, we don’t have any motivation to do it, or we just don’t know how to do it. People just put it off and hope they will stay healthy. Most of the time people say they will start tomorrow, next week, next month, or next year. Chances are if we keep telling ourselves we will do it later, it’s most likely not going to happen. We need to start now because our bodies were meant for moving; therefore, we need to give the body what it needs. Exercising isRead MoreEssay On Technology And Technology852 Words   |  4 Pagesour everyday lives. Its something we use all the time, but we are becoming too attached to it. Technology is a privilege, but we are letting it destroy our lives; the more technology we have the less we actually socialize with people. It can be a great tool, but overuse holds us ba ck from living our lives to the fullest. Sometimes we need to put technology aside, and allow ourselves to see how beautiful life really is. Everyone in today’s society has a cell phone. The problem is, we are too reliantRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Lives1204 Words   |  5 Pageschanged the way we go about our daily lives as well as who we are as an individual, losing our sense of self perception through the loss of daily personal interactions with individuals, as well as hiding from situations that no longer interest us (Ted Talk). Sherry Turkle, the well renown author for her book Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, once believed back in 1996 that what we have learned in the virtual world could be used in our daily lives. Fast forward

Khaled Hossieni s The Kite Runner - 1433 Words

Khaled Hossieni was born in 1965 in Kabul, Afghanistan. He is a successful physician however, he is better known for his vivid Afghan based novels. Growing up his father was a diplomat and his mother was a school teacher. They had to move around often for his father’s job and in 1976, they moved to Paris and his father worked at the Afghan embassy there. Due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, it was unsafe for the family to return home. They sought out safety and moved to San Jose, California after being granted political asylum from the US. (â€Å"Biography†) Hossieni then attended Santa Clara University, majored in biology for his undergrad and then attended medical school at the University of California in San Diego. After†¦show more content†¦After he wrote The Kite Runner he went back to Kabul to visit and heard many stories from the people, especially from the women. He heard about the tragedies the endured, the gender based violence they suff er from on a daily biases, the discrimination, having their movement restricted, and having no legal social rights or political rights. Hossieni was enraged by this and decided to write another book but this time from a women’s perspective and he included fragments of the stories he heard from the women in Kabul. (famousauthors.org) Finally he has published another book, And the Mountains Echoed in 2013, this one is about a brother and sister separated through adoption and the novel follows both of their lives and divergence in the1950’s Afghanistan. (britannica.com) Even after writing three books based off of Afghanistan, Hosseini still devotes his life to a better Afghanistan through more than his writing. Hossieni serves as a goodwill ambassador to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and he also founded The Khaled Hosseini Foundation which provides humanitarian help to Afghan people in need. (famousauthors.org) Khaled Hossieni’s literature was influenced by his childhood and events held in Afghanistan during the 70’s and through a couple decades. Through Hossieni’s childhood he understands the torture and the horror that the Afghan people went through when the Taliban took over Afghanistan in

Happiness The Goal Of Life - 1624 Words

Outline THESIS: Happiness has many different interpretations throughout various religions and also many different definitions, but I believe that happiness is a goal and it all comes down to the way someone lives their life and their own thoughts. 1. Happiness: The Goal of Life a. Introduction 2. Religions Perspective on Happiness a. Overview of Religions b. Christians, Islamic and Judaism c. Buddhism and Taoism 3. People Throughout History’s Thoughts on Happiness a. Overview of Peoples Perspectives b. Henry David Thoreau and Benjamin Franklin c. Thomas Jefferson and Aristotle 4. Personal Views on Happiness a. A goal to be accomplished b. Conclusion Happiness: The Goal of Life Throughout the history of mankind there have been a few†¦show more content†¦Religions are all different on how they believe and what they say will make someone happy for their life. Christians believe in one god and gods son, Jesus, who will lead them with the teachings he did in his life. The Bible accounts for many ways on what to do that will make people happy in their lives and for the others around them. A quote from Pastor David Murray which states â€Å"Christian happiness is the grace of loving and being loved by Jesus who gave his life for me†. Islamic people also believe in one god and that the teachings of their sacred text will lead their lives. Muhammed was the main teacher for the Islamic religion and the people who follow his teachings are called Muslims. â€Å"True happiness is contentment, and this is only attained through activities which are not fleeting† (Ahmad, Ustadha Bint) which is how the Islamic people feel about happiness. Judaism is another religion that worships under one god for their lives and how to be a good person. A Rabbi, Shmuly Yanklowitz, talked of happiness in Judaism and he said â€Å"To live Jewishly is to live inspired with the optimism that we can build a more just and holy world and with the faith that there is a promising future for all humankind†. Abraham founded Judaism and his teachings are considered to be their sacred text and to follow his way of life. Religions that have more than one god still have teachings about how toShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Happiness As A Central Purpose Of Human Life And A Goal868 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle enshrines happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. As a result his constant work on the topic has brought light on the subject than any other philosopher in history. Aristotle was convinced that a genuinely happy life required the fulfillment of a broad range of conditions, in conjunction with physical as well as mental well-being. Aristotle believed virtues led to happiness and virtues meant the act of achieving balance and moderation. More importantly, AristotleRead MoreEssay about The Happiness Project Analysis1000 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness is not a strange term to us. We usually use that word to express our feelings in every day. Additionally, more than a word, â€Å"happiness† is what we really need and always seek in life. However, finding and under standing deeply its meaning is not easy. The online dictionary, â€Å"vocabulary.com† defines, â€Å"Happiness is a sense of well-being, joy, or contentment. When people are successful, or safe, or lucky, they feel happiness.† Thus, we always wonder if we are happy or how could we be happierRead MoreHappiness Is A Person s Wellbeing938 Words   |  4 Pagesof Happiness In society happiness is depicted as a person’s wellbeing in terms of wealth and status. The definition can vary due to an individual perception of life. By that being said happiness is not something that can be shown through materialistic things, but more so a person’s state of being internally. In addition to that, happiness can be misinterpreted due to society making happiness be something that only a person who lives lavish or have the attributes of a normal or perfect life. BecauseRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Happiness1651 Words   |  7 PagesActually Live a Contented Life Happiness is one of the biggest subjects that have the most influence in a person’s life in today’s world. People have discovered that happiness is actually related to multiple benefits of our mental and physical health. Every person wants to experience true happiness throughout his/her life. Nevertheless, everyone is suffering finding sustainable happiness. Aristotle, in his work called Nicomachean Ethics, presents the concept that living a virtuous life will produce sustainableRead MoreWhat Is Happiness?725 Words   |  3 PagesUndoubtedly, happiness is the most important part in our lives. But if you ask different individuals what is happiness, there are absolutely a wide variety of answers you would hear. It is difficult to define happiness because it means different things to different people. Like such, obtaining happiness can vary people to people and it can shape what their lifelong goals and dream are. Usually, happiness can be described as a feeling of pleasu re or enjoyment or sometimes a feeling of self-fulfilmentRead MoreHappiness : Is It Just A Thing?757 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness seems familiar with many of people. It is not measurable, touchable, profitable, nor tradable. Yet, by describing through those word above, happiness is what human seek. Definitely, every people want to be happy and no one wants to be sad. They do not only want to have happiness, but also they want to have a lot of it. However, happiness, like an untouchable thing, is an impossible thing to grasp in one’s hand. It is intangible. So how does one know if they have it? Is it just a feelingRead MoreDichotomy Of Happiness Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesdichotomy of happiness; two different feelings and their impacts; How to achieve happiness each type of happiness. b. Intro Paragraph: Happiness can be best described as the end goal of life. If a person is living a life void of happiness, they are often times seen as worse off, and most likely are. One who lives their life in search of amassing happiness may be doing it for their own happiness, or for the betterment of someone else; either way someone is living in order to achieve happiness. Even fromRead MoreAristotle Theory Of The Good Life1424 Words   |  6 Pages Aristotles Theory of Happiness and the Good Life Aristotle is one of the greatest thinkers in the history of western philosophy, and is most notably known for expressing his view of happiness in Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle develops a theory of how to live the good life and reach eudaimonia (happiness). Eudaimonia has been translated into, living a happy and virtuous life. Aristotle’s definition of the good life as the happy life, consist of balancing virtues (arà ªte), the mean, external goodsRead MoreThe Well Being Aristotle And Human Happiness1000 Words   |  4 PagesOur Well-Being: Aristotle and Human Happiness What is the purpose of a human being? â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Nicomachean Ethics). When one thinks about happiness, these words said by Aristotle allow us to understand its significance. Through Aristotle’s teachings, he made it clear that the point of life is to be happy. Aristotle uses the word happiness as having to do with a person’s life as a whole, and not as the constant desireRead MoreThe Path Of Happiness. . â€Å"Folks Are Usually About As Happy1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe Path of Happiness â€Å"Folks are usually about as happy as they make their minds up to be†, exclaimed Abraham Lincoln in Goodreads.com. Happiness is defined in many ways that not a single person can give a true definition of. People have been searching the true meaning of happiness, but in reality there are no actual definitions. Happiness is all around, a person just needs to find their path to what makes them truly happy. On the website Goodreads.com, Dalai Lama XIV states,† Happiness is not something

Essay about Fannie Mae Case - 1377 Words

Fannie Mae case. Federal regulators noted a growing string of high profile scandals at major U.S. corporations in recent years. The number of fraud cases investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission jumped 41 percent in the last three years (112 cases in 2001 compare to 79 cases investigated in 1998), resulting in tens of millions of dollars in fines to settle the charges. I have decided to take a closer look at Fannie May. This company operates in the residential mortgage finance industry. It facilitates the flow of mortgage capital to increase the availability of homeownership for low, moderate, and middle-income Americans. Its lender customers are part of the primary mortgage market, where mortgages are originated and†¦show more content†¦The effects on Fannie Mae, a highly politically connected company, could be enormous. The company holds over $1 trillion in assets, and purchases more mortgage loans than any other lender in the U.S. When the accounting errors first emerged Fannie Mae estimated that there would be an adjustment of about $9 billion in its reported earnings over the contested period. That number has since increased to over $11 billion but may increase again as further irregularities discovered with insurance related issues. No estimate of these additional potential revisions is currently available. On December 21, 2004, Franklin D. Raines stepped down as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and J. Timothy Howard resigned as Chief Financial Officer. Raines departure, at age 55, was structured as an early retirement. Under his employment agreement and the terms of the Executive Pension Plan, Raines is entitled to receive 60 percent of his High-Three Total Compensation, which is his highest total compensation for three consecutive years during the last 10 years. Upon early retirement, this number is slightly reduced leaving him with estimated annual benefits of $1,085,462. Furthermore, the companys Stock Compensation Plan of 1993 allows all options to become immediately exercisable and fully vested upon early retirement. The 2003Show MoreRelatedAn Asset Price Bubble1286 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantage of the situation for benefiting in short run. 1.3 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Wallison and Pinto (2009) claimed that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have to take the responsibility for the lack of quality of mortgage (blemished credit, low or no down payments, negative amortization and the lack of documentation of income) that leads to the growth of the housing bubble. In 9 years (1994-2003), purchases of mortgages from Fannie and Freddie as a percentage of all mortgage originations increasedRead MoreKey Factors Affecting The Foreclosure Crisis1286 Words   |  6 Pagesprotected because of the credit default swap. The real estate market boomed beyond anything anyone had ever seen. And it fed itself; the more the market boomed, the more people wanted to buy homes and the more investors were willing to lend. A case in point: to remain relevant, FHA altered its own rules. FHA loans have always required a down payment and prohibited the seller from making that down payment on behalf of the buyer. But FHA altered their own rule by allowing the seller to make aRead MoreHow Do House Of Cards Because Caused The Crash?1354 Words   |  6 Pagesas a money bank, and not thinking twice of the equity they were loosing in the process, because they thought that the value would only go up, while their mortgages would decrease, and were blinded by the so called â€Å"American Dream†. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, started in 1992, was a company started to subsidize LMI housing without appropriating any funds. In 1997, an urban report claimed that local lenders seemed more than happy to serve creditworthy low, moderate incomeRead MoreThe Crisis Of 2008 : Is It All The Feds Fault?1677 Words   |  7 Pagesin people having loan amounts that vastly exceeded the true value of their homes. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, started in 1992, was a company started to subsidize LMI housing without appropriating any funds. After an urban report in 1997 found that local lenders seemed more than willing to serve creditworthy low to moderate income and minority applicants. Upon that alligation in 1997, Fannie and Freddie modified their systems, which led the way for vaste numbers of sub-primeRead MoreThe Subprime Mortgage Crisis Of 20081305 Words   |  6 Pages For many this was seen as a blessing; however, it would come with a cost. Under these new conditions, due to their â€Å"below average† credit rating, potential homeowners would now be labeled subprime and subjected to higher interest rates. In some cases, subprime borrowers also received adjustable mortgage rates, which during initial years worked in their favor because interest rates remained low. As years progressed and interest rates increased, homeowners would now face higher mortgage paymentsRead MoreThe Burst Of The Housing Bubble2886 Words   |  12 Pagesselling them to outside investors by guaranteeing the repayment of the principal and interest (Griffith, 2012). Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored enterprises charged with providing liquidity to America’s mortgage finance system (Griffith, 2012). When issuing mortgages, the brokers knew that in the case of a default the loans were backed by securitization. Originally, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac did mortgage pooling since they used stringent standards to ensure rep ayment to the investorsRead MoreThe Looming Of A Miracle Worker Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment (HUD) become a regulator over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, according to HUD’s history. As a regulator HUD could set desired goals for the two government sponsored enterprises (GSEs) to service low-income families, creating what they saw as a good intention. From there, it is questionable the decision to purposely make a sale on what is a subprime mortgage, this sense of ignorance was merely the first along the way. What developed from this was that now both Fannie and Freddie had to meant goals whereRead MoreHistory Is The Most Important Subject Of Education Essay2004 Words   |  9 Pageshave been as general as the flaws and shortcomings of human beings and as specific as the effects of Federal Reserve System policy on interest rates or a change in mortgage loan eligibility standards by the Federal National Mortgage Association (‘Fannie Mae’) or the Federa l Home loan Mortgage Corporation (‘Freddie Mac’). The housing market is greatly affected by interest rates and credit eligibility rules, but there is much more to the story than that.† The market was booming in the early 2000s.Read MoreEssay on Countrywide Financial Home Loans Failure1300 Words   |  6 Pageslobbyists in the House of Representatives to refrain the committee from passing a legislation pertaining to new sub-prime lending rules, which would have been unfavorable for the company. Even the legislation passed to initiate reform measures at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were influenced by Countrywides lobbyists (Zacks, 2012). Past of unethical practices investigated by SEC was the executive compensation for David Sambol and Angelo Mazilo. All the ethical misconduct and high-risk business practicesRead MoreThe Cornerstone Of The American Dream2183 Words   |  9 Pagessetbacks such as unemployment, divorce, medical emergencies, etc.(cite report) Essentially, those who acquire subprime loans are at a much higher risk of default due to the aforementioned setbacks reducing their ability to meet monthly payments. In the case of the housing market collapse, many subprime mortgage loans used a financial instrument called an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) meaning that the interest rate on the promissory note is not fixed, rather it is periodically adjusted to reflect the

End to End Free Essays

The challenges of using satellites in end-to-end communications links: GEO satellite networks have the potential to provide the end user the ability to receive broadcast and multicast in greater amounts of information at higher rate of speed providing global connectivity anywhere within the footprint of the satellite. On the other hand there are several challenges that are presented when utilizing satellite networks. These challenges are seen by the end user in several different formats; the most common one being in Internet applications. We will write a custom essay sample on End to End or any similar topic only for you Order Now The latency experienced by the end user due to the communication between two earth stations can be significant and often annoying. A tremendous amount of military and government organizations utilize and rely on satellite communications, when that path fails due to blocked areas, lack of available bandwidth or atmospheric interference then this becomes a serious situation and another reason why redundancy and a secondary and tertiary plan is always needed. Point to point fiber optic connections can provide a solid backup plan if availability is an option. The latency may not affect bulk data transfer and broadcast type applications, but those applications requiring extensive â€Å"handshaking† between two sites will be undoubtedly affected. TCP which is one of the Internets major protocols requires such interaction. Satellites that can provide the end user with global and broadband communications capacity are also an option but also come with challenges of its own. LEO(low earth orbit) and MEO (medium earth orbit) each are a viable source that provide latency times comparable to that of a terrestrial fiber optics; however because neither can remain in a constant fixed position relative of that of the earth, a constellation of several satellites is required to maintain comprehensive coverage. In this case network management becomes increasingly more complicated due to handoff to another satellite, tracking problems and proper routing plans. The advantage of a simple topology is no longer a factor and lost is single-source broadcast/multicast capability and brings you back to ground zero. How to cite End to End, Papers

Cannibis Sativa Essay Example For Students

Cannibis Sativa Essay Throughout history marijuana has been used to serve various purposes in many differentcultures. The purposes have changed over timeto fit in with the current lifestyles. This pattern is also true in American history. The use of marijuana has adapted to the socialclimate of the time. Marijuana, whose scientific name is cannibissativa, was mentioned in historical manuscriptsas early as 2700 B. C. in China. (Grolier ElectronicEncyclopedia, 1995). The cultivation of the marijuana plant began as far back as the Jamestown settlers, around 1611, who used hempproduced from the marijuana plants fibers to make rope and canvas. It was also used in making clothing because of its durability. These uses fit in with the social climate of the time, because the main focus was on survival rather than for psychoactive purposes. During the prohibition, marijuana was widely used because of the scarcity of alcohol. Prohibitionwas repealed after just thirteen years while the prohibitionagainst marijuana lasted for more than seventy five years. This double standard may have resulted from the wishes of those in power. Alcohol prohibition struck directly at tens of millions of Americans of all ages, including many of societies most powerful members. Marijuana prohibition threatened far fewer Americans, and they had relatively little influence in the districts of power. Only the prohibition of marijuana, which some sixty million Americans have violated since 1965 has come close to approximating the prohibition experience, but marijuana smokers consist mostly of young and relatively powerless Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). Alcohol prohibition was repealed and marijuana prohibition was retained, not because scientists had proved that alcohol was the less dangerousof the various psychoactive drugs, but because of the prejudicesand preferences of most Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). In 1937 the government issued the Marijuana Tax Act, which levied a dollar an ounce tax on marijuana, coupled with fines of $2,000 for drug posession and jail sentences for evasion of the tax. For thisreason marijuana use in the United States appearsto have gone into decline in the late 30s(Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Then marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as arepressive measure against Mexican workerswho crossed the border seekingjobs duringthe Depression. The specific reason given for the outlawing of the hemp plant was itssupposed violent effect on the degenerate races(Schaffer, pg. 86). Beginning in the 60s marijuana use saw aresurgence which may be attributed to manycauses. One of the main causes was the rebellion of youth against the Vietnam War. They used marijuana as an escape from war to peace. It was easy at this time to depict marijuana as a beneficial and completely harmless substancewhose effects were far less harmful than thoseof legal drugs such as alcohol and nicotinebecause there was not enough scientificresearch done during the 60s (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Another cause may have been the discovery ofthe psychoactive component of marijuana-tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC. Users found the relation between the doses andthe effects (Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995). The current atmosphere provides for doctors tosuggest synthetic marijuana (THC) in a pure andstandardized form by perscription (called Marinol)for the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. Also, although there is noscientific evidence that shows marijuanais beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma,it may prevent the progression of visual loss. Marijuana, along with alcohol and a host ofother substances, can actually lower intraoculareye pressure. The mediction however, must be carefully tailored to the individual to prevent further eye damage. .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .postImageUrl , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:hover , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:visited , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:active { border:0!important; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:active , .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72 .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5c50afc5cb5dedac97c48652c2d1f72:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Story About Best Friends EssayThe evidence has clearly shown that marijuana has been around for a great deal of timeand has served multiple purposes throughout history. Karen SipesDana PentoneyJeni RoaneSourcesGrolier Electronic Encylopedia, Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1995Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, Drugs, Society Behavior. Vol. 3, 1992. Ethan A. Nadelmann, American Heritage Magazine,Feb-Mar, 1993. Medical Marijuana, http://www.lec.org/Drug_Watch/Public/Documents/Med_Marijuana_Paper.htm, 1995.

Surface Modifications-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Literature Review on the Topic of Surface Modifications with a Purpose of Depositing Lipids. Answer: Introduction It is very difficult to study complex natural cell membrane due to their native states. Lipids with the simpler model system are hence admirable for studying biomolecule interaction as well as the particular role of the component of the membrane. The suitable choice of the model will highly depend on the method employed for the scrutiny(Ottova-Leitmannova, 2015). Every model selected will have both disadvantage and advantage. The bilayers of lipids can be made on the solid support through using multiple methods including Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and LS (Langmuir Scaefer ). This method can be done in situ but LS and LB methods will need deposition of just a monolayer at a time by the help of Langmuir fil balance. This method is preferred for the bilayer deposition having a specific and controlled asymmetric leaflet composition. The most common method of preparing model cellular membrane is (DIBB) Droplet Interface Bilayer method. In this technique, the lipid bilayer is made from two water droplets which are submerged in oil and also coated with a monolayer of lipids. This can be either control, asymmetric or symmetric each droplet composition bilayer tailoring can be realized(Lemons, 2012). In addition, the solution on either side of the membrane is able to be controlled permitting for studies of the interactions in the membrane and specific bimolecular. This technique was employed recently to reconstitute bilayer of lipids from the total extract of model cell membrane known as Escharia coli. Surface Sensitive Methods To Study Supported Lipid Bilayers And MolecularInteractions With Them Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. The inherent properties of the piezoelectric quartz can be keenly analyzed using QCM-D to trigger oscillation in the sensor, this will respond by deforming immediately when an external voltage is subjected to it(Ratner, 2012). The standing shear waves will be developed in the two gold electrodes due to the application of the alternating voltage. The shear wave will decay into the liquid having the characteristic length of decay. This length is always taken as 250nm, this for the crystal which is immersed in a pure water hence, this will give a perfect range of detection for the QCM-D. A solvent will be identified as a mass which is coupled with a mean thickness conforming to ?L. Where ?L is taken as the density of the liquid. The length of decay will vary with the following equation(Auernhammer, 2011). ; where nL is the absolute density of the liquid. Hence, if the solvent is exchanged with another one having higher viscosity, it will trigger an increase in the mean thickness detected by the crystal. The principle for the operation of QCM.D is based on the relationship between the change in frequency and the change in mass of sensor crystal. For such setup, if a change in mass is taken as m and change in frequency is taken as f, then from the simple Sauerbrey relationship m=-C* f/n. where C is the material specific Saurbray constant which is given as C=tg*?q/f0 and n is the harmonic number. Tq is the thickness of the quartz while ?q is the density of the quartz(Rotello, 2014). QCM-D basically records the wet adsorbed and not the dry ones since other optical techniques like ellipsometry, reflectometry and surface plasmon will do. This can be evident as an asset of the QCM-D method because it includes a tool needed for complementary info for the adsorbed layer in several liquid environments and also in combination with other surface sensitive methods(Smentkowski, 2011). The following diagrams show principle in dissipation and frequency change in the QCM-D. Fig 1: Dissipation Fig 2: Signals generated from a soft vesicle layer. AFM and the setup for imaging under continuous flow conditions. For AFM, the topology can be envisaged thru the interaction of resulting force on the tip upon scanning the surface and a sharp tip. Through scanning the surface in the pattern of the raster as well as sensing the position of laser beam sensor(Iglic, 2013). Depending on the material and the reason for the study, the AFM is operated in several modes like contact, tapping or noncontact mode. Zasadzinski used lipid AFM imaging on a lipid layer in 1991, these lipid bilayers were 1,2- dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, from that date a plethora of membrane scrutiny has been done using AFM. The below diagrams shows how AFM utilizes the interatomic forces amid a sharp tip and a surface. Fig 3. a) shows AFM utilizes interatomic forces b) Shows the optimized AFM AFC setup based on gravity. Neutron reflection This is the very powerful method employed for studying thin adsorbed layer because it gives more info on the structural features in the direction which is orthogonal to the interface having a resolution with few Angstrom(Crdenas, 2012). The sketch of a neuron beam impinging on the surface is shown below; Fig4: a) shows neuron beam sketch b) shows neuron scattering in a silicon block and c) shows simulated reflectivity curve. Formation Of Supported Lipid Bilayers By Vesicle Fusion, The Case For Single Component And Fluid Lipid Systems QCM-D is a highly sensitive method more so for the viscous layer which has a large amount of water. This shows a reason QCM-D has become a stronghold for learning the formation of SLB through vesicle formation. But AFM excels for in-plane imaging for morphology in the layer of adsorbed having lateral resolution to few nm and Angstrom resolution in the x-axis orientation. NR is as well very sensitive to the buried interface but less sensitive to a diffuse water-rich structure like vesicle. References Auernhammer, G. (2011). Surface and Interfacial Forces - From Fundamentals to Applications. Hawaii: Springer Science Business Media. Crdenas, M. (2012). Understanding the formation of supported lipid bilayers via vesicle fusionA case that. Hawaii: American Vacuum Society. Iglic, A. (2013). Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes. Manchester : Academic Press. Lemons, J. (2012). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Manchester : Academic Press. Ottova-Leitmannova, A. (2015). Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, Volume . Stoke : Gulf Professional Publishing. Ratner, B. (2012). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Chicago : Elsevier. Rotello, V. (2014). Nanoparticles: Building Blocks for Nanotechnology. Chicago: Springer Science Business Media. Smentkowski, V. S. (2011). Surface Analysis and Techniques in Biology. London: Springer Science Business Media.